Andrew Hessel

Sinteticheskaja biologija preobrazit nashe ponimanie semejnykh svjazej, vremja nashego starenija, to, chem my lechimsja, gde zhivem i chto edim. V etoj burno razvivajuschejsja oblasti, zadejstvujuschej kompjutery dlja ispravlenija i izmenenija geneticheskogo koda, uzhe razrabotany revoljutsionnye reshenija - ot mRNK-vaktsin i diagnostiki vrozhdennykh zabolevanij u embrionov do vyraschennogo v laboratorii mjasa, kotoroe na vkus pochti neotlichimo ot nastojaschego. Ona daet nam shans spravitsja s globalnymi ugrozami: izmeneniem klimata, nekhvatkoj edy i energeticheskim krizisom. No ona zhe i neset v sebe sereznye riski. Dopustimo li vypuskat v dikuju prirodu geneticheski modifitsirovannye organizmy? Dolzhny li suschestvovat ogranichenija na usovershenstvovanie chelovecheskogo tela? Kakie kiberbiologicheskie opasnosti nam grozjat? Mozhet li grjaduschaja voj-na s ispolzovaniem spetsialno skonstruirovannykh bakterij i virusov privesti k massovomu vymiraniju? Emi Uebb i Endrju Gessel zakhvatyvajusche opisyvajut nastojaschee i buduschee sinteticheskoj biologii, pomogaja nam zadumatsja o moralnykh dilemmakh, svjazannykh s tselenapravlennym konstruirovaniem zhizni, i o grandioznykh perspektivakh, kotorye ono pered nami otkryvaet.

Synthetic biology is the technique that enables us not just to read and edit but also write DNA to program living biological structures as though they were tiny computers. Unlike cloning Dolly the sheep-which cut and copied existing genetic material-the future of synthetic biology might be something like an app store, where you could download and add new capabilities into any cell, microbe, plant, or animal.This breakthrough science has the potential to mitigate, perhaps solve, humanity's immediate and longer-term existential challenges: climate change; the feeding, clothing, housing, and caring for billions of humans; fighting the next viral outbreak before it becomes a global pandemic; old age as a treatable pathology; bringing back extinct animals.It could also be anarchic and socially destructive. With our governing structures created in an era before startling advances in technology, we are not prepared for a future in which life could be manipulated or programmed.As futurist Amy Webb and synthetic biologist Andrew Hessel show in this book, within the next decade, we will need to make important decisions: whether to program novel viruses to fight diseases, what genetic privacy will look like, who will "own" living organisms, how companies should earn revenue from engineered cells, and how to contain a synthetic organism in a lab. The Genesis Machine? provides the background for us to understand and grapple with these issues, and think through the religious, philosophical, and ethical implications for the future.

Synthetic biology will revolutionize how we define family, how we identify disease and treat aging, where we make our homes, and how we nourish ourselves. This fast-growing field-which uses computers to modify or rewrite genetic code-has created revolutionary, groundbreaking solutions such as the mRNA COVID vaccines, IVF, and lab-grown hamburger that tastes like the real thing. It gives us options to deal with existential threats: climate change, food insecurity, and access to fuel.But there are significant risks.Who should decide how to engineer living organisms? Whether engineered organisms should be planted, farmed, and released into the wild? Should there be limits to human enhancements? What cyber-biological risks are looming? Could a future biological war, using engineered organisms, cause a mass extinction event? Amy Webb and Andrew Hessel's riveting examination of synthetic biology and the bioeconomy provide the background for thinking through the upcoming risks and moral dilemmas posed by redesigning life, as well as the vast opportunities waiting for us on the horizon.