Anne Applebaum

Anne Applebaumin Pulitzer-palkittu Gulag on kokonaisvaltainen selvitys Neuvostoliiton vankileireistä. Kirja kuvaa leirijärjestelmän rakentamista, ylläpitoa ja lukemattomia Stalinin aikaisia leiriverkoston laajennusprojekteja. Gulag-järjestelmä sai alkunsa vallankumouksen jälkeen vuonna 1917. Kaksikymmentä vuotta myöhemmin vankileirejä oli jo kymmeniätuhansia. Leirejä perustettiin Neuvostoliiton jokaiselle kahdelletoista aikavyöhykkeelle. Neljän vuosikymmenen aikana sivilisaation ulkopuolelle karkotetut rikolliset ja poliittiset vangit rakensivat asuinalueita ja edelleen käytössä olevia teitä. Käytännöt leireillä vaihtelivat, mutta brutaalit sääolot sekä ravinnon, vaatetuksen ja suojan puute vallitsivat kaikkialla. Vankiyhteisöt muodostivat omia erillisiä selviämisen kulttuurejaan. Vaihtelua oli paitsi leirien hallintotavoissa myös vankien keskuudessa kerrotuissa tarinoissa sekä olosuhteiden seurauksena korostuneissa arvoissa. Leirien läpi kulki arvioiden mukaan 18 miljoonaa ihmistä. Lähes kolmasosa heistä ei koskaan palannut kotiin.

This book is in Russian language only. Patriot: A Memoir by Alexei Navalny Alexei Navalny began writing Patriot shortly after his near-fatal poisoning in 2020. It is the full story of his life: his youth, his call to activism, his marriage and family, his commitment to challenging a world super-power determined to silence him, and his total conviction that change cannot be resisted-and will come. In vivid, page-turning detail, including never-before-seen correspondence from prison, Navalny recounts, among other things, his political career, the many attempts on his life, and the lives of the people closest to him, and the relentless campaign he and his team waged against an increasingly dictatorial regime. Written with the passion, wit, candor, and bravery for which he was justly acclaimed, Patriot is Navalny's final letter to the world: a moving account of his last years spent in the most brutal prison on earth; a reminder of why the principles of individual freedom matter so deeply; and a rousing call to continue the work for which he sacrificed his life. "This book is a testament not only to Alexei's life, but to his unwavering commitment to the fight against dictatorship-a fight he gave everything for, including his life. Through its pages, readers will come to know the man I loved deeply-a man of profound integrity and unyielding courage. Sharing his story will not only honor his memory but also inspire others to stand up for what is right and to never lose sight of the values that truly matter." -Yulia Navalnaya

Enligt 2024 års demokratirapport från Göteborgs Universitet lever 71% av jordens befolkning i icke-demokratier. För tio år sedan var den siffran 48%. Den historiska bilden av en autokrati stämmer dåligt överens med vår tid. Numera styrs autokratier av professionella propagandister och sofistikerade, globala nätverk. Till skillnad från militära och politiska allianser kan de här nätverken snabbt anpassa sina relationer så att de obehindrat kan röra sig över ideologiska, geografiska och kulturella gränser. De har alla ett övergripande mål; att göra motstånd mot det demokratiska systemet och på det sättet underminera våra demokratiska värderingar. Kampen mot denna samhällssyn - som den demokratiska världen oavsiktligt bidragit till att befästa - är ämnet för denna bok.

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER - WITH A NEW PREFACE - From the Pulitzer-prize winning author, an alarming account of how autocracies work together to undermine the democratic world, and how we should organize to defeat them "A masterful guide to the new age of authoritarianism... clear-sighted and fearless."--John Simpson, The Guardian "Especially timely."--The Washington Post We think we know what an autocratic state looks like: There is an all-powerful leader at the top. He controls the police. The police threaten the people with violence. There are evil collaborators, and maybe some brave dissidents. But in the 21st century, there is so much more to it. Nowadays, autocracies work together, from China to Russia to Iran. Corrupt companies and kleptocrats in one country do business with corrupt companies and kleptocrats in another. The police in one country can arm and train the police in another, diplomats band together to bend international rules, and propagandists share resources and themes, pounding home the same messages about the weakness of democracy and the evil of America. Disapproval and sanctions cannot move the autocrats. Even popular opposition movements, from Venezuela to Hong Kong to Moscow, don't stand a chance. The members of Autocracy, Inc, aren't linked by a unifying ideology, like communism, that can be defeated, but by a common desire for power, wealth, and impunity. In this urgent treatise, Anne Applebaum calls for the democracies to fight a new kind of threat. A new preface to the paperback edition highlights the increased relevance of these dangerous dynamics in light of the return of Donald Trump to the American presidency.

**A Sunday Times Bestseller****An Economist Best Book of the Year**The celebrated historian and journalist uncovers the networks trying to destroy the democratic worldAll of us have in our minds a cartoon image of what an autocratic state looks like, with a bad man at the top. But in the 21st century, that cartoon bears little resemblance to reality. Nowadays, autocracies are run not by one bad guy, but by sophisticated networks composed of kleptocratic financial structures, security services and professional propagandists. The members of these networks are connected not only within a given country, but among many countries. The corrupt, state-controlled companies in one dictatorship do business with corrupt, state-controlled companies in another. The police in one country can arm, equip, and train the police in another. The propagandists share resources—the troll farms that promote one dictator’s propaganda can also be used to promote the propaganda of another—and themes, pounding home the same messages about the weakness of democracy and the evil of America.Unlike military or political alliances from other times and places, this group doesn’t operate like a bloc, but rather like an agglomeration of companies: Autocracy, Inc. Their relations are not based on values, but are rather transactional, which is why they operate so easily across ideological, geographical, and cultural lines. In truth, they are in full agreement about only one thing: Their dislike of us, the inhabitants of the democratic world, and their desire to see both our political systems and our values undermine.That shared understanding of the world—where it comes from, why it lasts, how it works, how the democratic world has unwittingly helped to consolidate it, and how we can help bring it down—is the subject of this book.

We think we know what an autocratic state looks like: There is an all-powerful leader at the top. He controls the police. The police threaten the people with violence. There are evil collaborators, and maybe some brave dissidents. But in the 21st century, that bears little resemblance to reality. Nowadays, autocracies are underpinned not by one dictator, but by sophisticated networks composed of kleptocratic financial structures, surveillance technologies, and professional propagandists, all of which operate across multiple regimes, from China to Russia to Iran. Corrupt companies in one country do business with corrupt companies in another. The police in one country can arm and train the police in another, and propagandists share resources and themes, pounding home the same messages about the weakness of democracy and the evil of America. International condemnation and economic sanctions cannot move the autocrats. Even popular opposition movements, from Venezuela to Hong Kong to Moscow, don’t stand a chance. The members of Autocracy, Inc, aren’t linked by a unifying ideology, like communism, but rather a common desire for power, wealth, and impunity. In this urgent treatise, which evokes George Kennan’s essay calling for “containment” of the Soviet Union, Anne Applebaum calls for the democracies to fundamentally reorient their policies to fight a new kind of threat.

*Premio de la Paz de los Libreros Alemanes 2024* «Una gu a maestra para afrontar la nueva era del autoritarismo. Una clase magistral sobre la uni n de un gobierno dudoso con el crimen internacional . -The Guardian «La destacada periodista y estudiosa de las dictaduras se fija en Trump, Putin y muchos otros aut cratas modernos. Esencial para cualquier debate en torno al totalitarismo moderno . -Kirkus A partir de casos reales y contempor neos, la ganadora del Premio de la Paz de los Libreros Alemanes 2024 y del Premio Pulitzer 2004, Anne Applebaum, demuestra en Autocracia S.A. que no hay un nico l der al frente de las dictaduras, sino unas sofisticadas redes compuestas por estructuras financieras cleptocr ticas, dudosos servicios de seguridad y propagandistas profesionales. Los miembros de estas redes no solo est n conectados dentro del propio pa s, sino con los de muchos otros. Las empresas corruptas controladas por el Estado totalitario hacen negocios con sus hom logas en territorios similares. La polic a de un pa s puede armar, equipar y entrenar a la de otro. Los propagandistas comparten recursos y temas, difundiendo los mismos mensajes sobre la debilidad de la democracia y la maldad de Estados Unidos. Ning n pa s lidera este bloque, se ve m s bien como una aglomeraci n de empresas cuyos v nculos no est n cimentados en ideales, sino en acuerdos --dise ados para paliar los boicots econ micos occidentales o para que algunos se enriquezcan personalmente--, raz n por la cual pueden operar m s all de las fronteras geogr ficas e hist ricas. Applebaum asume el reto de contextualizar el mundo de las nuevas dictaduras, as como el de sus principales opositores, para revelar c mo han evolucionado estos sistemas de gobierno y c mo han tratado de moldear la econom a y la pol tica de las antiguas democracias. ENGLISH DESCRIPTION From the Pulitzer-prize winning, New York Times bestselling author, an alarming account of how autocracies work together to undermine the democratic world, and how we should organize to defeat them We think we know what an autocratic state looks like: There is an all-powerful leader at the top. He controls the police. The police threaten the people with violence. There are evil collaborators, and maybe some brave dissidents. But in the 21st century, that bears little resemblance to reality. Nowadays, autocracies are underpinned not by one dictator, but by sophisticated networks composed of kleptocratic financial structures, surveillance technologies, and professional propagandists, all of which operate across multiple regimes, from China to Russia to Iran. Corrupt companies in one country do business with corrupt companies in another. The police in one country can arm and train the police in another, and propagandists share resources and themes, pounding home the same messages about the weakness of democracy and the evil of America.

I denne brennaktuelle og nødvendige boken ber Anne Applebaum verdens demokratier om å fundamentalt endre strategi i kampen mot en helt ny type trussel.Diktatorklubben er en skremmende fremstilling av hvordan autokratier samarbeider for å undergrave den demokratiske verden, og en innsiktsfull refleksjon rundt hvordan vi bør organisere oss for å bekjempe dem.Vi tror vi vet hvordan et autokratisk stat ser ut: Det er en allmektig leder på toppen. Han kontrollerer politiet. Politiet truer folket med vold. Det finnes onde samarbeidspartnere og kanskje noen modige dissidenter. Men i det 21. århundre stemmer dette lite overens med virkeligheten. Nå om dagen støttes autokratiene ikke bare av én diktator, men av sofistikerte nettverk som består av kleptokratiske finansielle strukturer, overvåkningsteknologier og profesjonelle propagandister som opererer på tvers av flere regimer – fra Kina til Russland til Iran. Korrupte selskaper i ett land driver handel med korrupte selskaper i et annet land. Politistyrker i ett land kan bevæpne og trene politi i et annet, mens propagandister deler ressurser og temaer, hamrer inn de samme budskapene om demokratiets svakhet og ondskapen ved Amerika.Internasjonal fordømmelse og økonomiske sanksjoner greier ikke å rokke ved autokratene. Selv folkelige opposisjonsbevegelser – fra Venezuela til Hong Kong til Moskva – står maktesløse i møte med dem. Medlemmene av Diktaturet & Co. er ikke knyttet sammen gjennom en samlende ideologi som kommunisme; deres fellesnevner er snarere et begjær etter makt, rikdom og straffefrihet.Anne Applebaum er amerikansk prisvinnende journalist og forfatter.

Luulemme tietävämme, miltä autokraattinen valtio näyttää: Huipulla on kaikkivoipa johtaja. Hän hallitsee poliisia. Poliisi uhkaa ihmisiä väkivallalla. On ilkeitä yhteistyökumppaneita ja ehkä muutamia rohkeita toisinajattelijoita. Mutta 2000-luvulla tämä ei juuri vastaa todellisuutta. Nykyisten autokratioiden toiminta perustuu kehittyneisiin kansainvälisiin verkostoihin, jotka hyödyntävät valvontatekniikoita, rahoitusrakenteita ja ammattimaisia propagandanlevittäjiä ja toimivat useiden eri hallintojen kesken. Yhden maan korruptoituneet yritykset tekevät liiketoimintaa toisen maan yritysten kanssa. Yhden maan poliisit voivat aseistaa ja kouluttaa poliisia toisessa maassa, ja propagandistit toistavat ja vahvistavat yhteisiä viestejä kaikkialla. Nykyisen Autokratia Oy:n osakkaita ei yhdistä määrätty ideologia, kuten kommunismi, vaan pikemminkin yhteinen pyrkimys saada valtaa, rahaa ja koskemattomuutta.Niin sanottu liberaali maailmanjärjestys, jonka etenemistä joskus pidettiin vääjäämättömänä, on kovaa vauhtia sulamassa. Hätkähdyttävän ajankohtaisessa kirjassaan Applebaum kehottaa demokratioita ryhdistäytymään ja suuntaamaan politiikkansa uudelleen vakavan uhan torjumiseksi.

Izvestnaja amerikanskaja zhurnalistka i politicheskij analitik Enn Epplbaum issleduet obrazovanie i nachalo evoljutsii kommunisticheskikh rezhimov v stranakh Vostochnoj Evropy posle Vtoroj mirovoj vojny. Analiz sobytij - glavnym obrazom v osvobozhdennykh Krasnoj armiej Vengrii, Vostochnoj Germanii i Polshe - soprovozhdaetsja materialami mnogochislennykh arkhivov i svidetelstvami ochevidtsev. Epplbaum tschatelno rekonstruiruet razlichnye aspekty sotsialno-politicheskikh i ekonomicheskikh protsessov v stranakh sotslagerja, pokazyvaet, kak funktsionirovali mekhanizmy propagandy i politicheskogo kontrolja, raskryvaet rol spetssluzhb v podavlenii oppozitsii i obschestvennykh dvizhenij. I nagljadno demonstriruet, kak i pochemu raspad "vostochnogo bloka" stal neizbezhnym, kogda voznik razlom v kljuchevoj ego opore - Sovetskom Sojuze - i pal zheleznyj zanaves.Perevod Andreja Zakharova

I denne brennaktuelle og nødvendige boken ber Anne Applebaum verdens demokratier om å fundamentalt endre strategi i kampen mot en helt ny type trussel.Diktatorklubben er en skremmende fremstilling av hvordan autokratier samarbeider for å undergrave den demokratiske verden, og en innsiktsfull refleksjon rundt hvordan vi bør organisere oss for å bekjempe dem.Vi tror vi vet hvordan et autokratisk stat ser ut: Det er en allmektig leder på toppen. Han kontrollerer politiet. Politiet truer folket med vold. Det finnes onde samarbeidspartnere og kanskje noen modige dissidenter. Men i det 21. århundre stemmer dette lite overens med virkeligheten. Nå om dagen støttes autokratiene ikke bare av én diktator, men av sofistikerte nettverk som består av kleptokratiske finansielle strukturer, overvåkningsteknologier og profesjonelle propagandister som opererer på tvers av flere regimer – fra Kina til Russland til Iran. Korrupte selskaper i ett land driver handel med korrupte selskaper i et annet land. Politistyrker i ett land kan bevæpne og trene politi i et annet, mens propagandister deler ressurser og temaer, hamrer inn de samme budskapene om demokratiets svakhet og ondskapen ved Amerika.Internasjonal fordømmelse og økonomiske sanksjoner greier ikke å rokke ved autokratene. Selv folkelige opposisjonsbevegelser – fra Venezuela til Hong Kong til Moskva – står maktesløse i møte med dem. Medlemmene av Diktaturet & Co. er ikke knyttet sammen gjennom en samlende ideologi som kommunisme; deres fellesnevner er snarere et begjær etter makt, rikdom og straffefrihet.Anne Applebaum er amerikansk prisvinnende journalist og forfatter.

Enligt 2024 års demokratirapport från Göteborgs Universitet lever 71% av jordens befolkning i icke-demokratier. För tio år sedan var den siffran 48%.Den historiska bilden av en autokrati stämmer dåligt överens med vår tid. Numera styrs autokratier av professionella propagandister och sofistikerade, globala nätverk. Till skillnad från militära och politiska allianser kan de här nätverken snabbt anpassa sina relationer så att de obehindrat kan röra sig över ideologiska, geografiska och kulturella gränser. De har alla ett övergripande mål; att göra motstånd mot det demokratiska systemet och på det sättet underminera våra demokratiska värderingar.Kampen mot denna samhällssyn - som den demokratiska världen oavsiktligt bidragit till att befästa - är ämnet för denna bok.

Internationalt førende historiker om den nye verdensordens diktatorerAnne Applebaum er internationalt anerkendt, prisvindende forfatter, historiker og politisk kommentator. I bogen "Autokrati A/S" beskriver hun en nyere og yderst foruroligende verdenspolitisk tendens: Et autokrati er en styreform, hvor magten samles hos én diktatorisk leder, der bakkes op af magtfulde netværk. Disse består af avancerede økonomiske systemer, et kompleks af sikkerhedstjenester – militær, paramilitære grupper, politi – og teknologieksperter med ekspertise inden for overvågning, propaganda og misinformation.Lande som Rusland, Kina, Iran, Nordkorea, Venezuela, Zimbabwe og Sudan er fælles om at være moderne autokratier, præget af korruption og forfølgelse af politiske modstandere, der ønsker at udfordre status quo. Landene er internt forbundne igennem deres fælles had til Vestens demokratier samt elitens målsætning om at berige sig på bekostning af landenes brede befolkning. Korrupte, statsstyrede virksomheder i ét diktatur handler med korrupte, statsstyrede virksomheder i et andet. Autokratierne inspirerer og støtter hinanden med økonomiske indsprøjtninger, overvågningsudstyr og mediepropagandaværktøjer. Efter autokraternes egen opfattelse er de på vej mod sejr. Om denne opfattelse – hvor den stammer fra, hvordan den demokratiske verden oprindeligt var med til at bekræfte den, og hvordan vi nu kan besejre den – handler "Autokrati A/S".ANNE APPLEBAUM, født 1964, er amerikansk journalist, historiker og forfatter. Tilknyttet John Hopkins University. Har i en årrække forsket i Sovjetunionens historie, hvilket i 2004 indbragte hende Pulitzerprisen for bogen ”Gulag – historien om de sovjetiske straffelejre”. Har også skrevet de anmelderroste bestsellere ”Jerntæppet – Østeuropas fald 1944-1956” (2. udgave, 2020) og ”Rød sult – Stalins hungersnød i Ukraine” (2. udgave 2022). ”Demokratiets tusmørke” udkom på dansk i 2020.

**A Sunday Times Bestseller****An Economist Best Book of the Year**The celebrated historian and journalist uncovers the networks trying to destroy the democratic worldAll of us have in our minds a cartoon image of what an autocratic state looks like, with a bad man at the top. But in the 21st century, that cartoon bears little resemblance to reality. Nowadays, autocracies are run not by one bad guy, but by sophisticated networks composed of kleptocratic financial structures, security services and professional propagandists. The members of these networks are connected not only within a given country, but among many countries. The corrupt, state-controlled companies in one dictatorship do business with corrupt, state-controlled companies in another. The police in one country can arm, equip, and train the police in another. The propagandists share resources—the troll farms that promote one dictator’s propaganda can also be used to promote the propaganda of another—and themes, pounding home the same messages about the weakness of democracy and the evil of America.Unlike military or political alliances from other times and places, this group doesn’t operate like a bloc, but rather like an agglomeration of companies: Autocracy, Inc. Their relations are not based on values, but are rather transactional, which is why they operate so easily across ideological, geographical, and cultural lines. In truth, they are in full agreement about only one thing: Their dislike of us, the inhabitants of the democratic world, and their desire to see both our political systems and our values undermine.That shared understanding of the world—where it comes from, why it lasts, how it works, how the democratic world has unwittingly helped to consolidate it, and how we can help bring it down—is the subject of this book.

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER - From the Pulitzer-prize winning author, an alarming account of how autocracies work together to undermine the democratic world, and how we should organize to defeat them A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR: Economist, Financial Times, Foreign Affairs, The Times "A masterful guide to the new age of authoritarianism... clear-sighted and fearless."--John Simpson, The Guardian "Especially timely."--The Washington Post We think we know what an autocratic state looks like: There is an all-powerful leader at the top. He controls the police. The police threaten the people with violence. There are evil collaborators, and maybe some brave dissidents. But in the 21st century, that bears little resemblance to reality. Nowadays, autocracies are underpinned not by one dictator, but by sophisticated networks composed of kleptocratic financial structures, surveillance technologies, and professional propagandists, all of which operate across multiple regimes, from China to Russia to Iran. Corrupt companies in one country do business with corrupt companies in another. The police in one country can arm and train the police in another, and propagandists share resources and themes, pounding home the same messages about the weakness of democracy and the evil of America. International condemnation and economic sanctions cannot move the autocrats. Even popular opposition movements, from Venezuela to Hong Kong to Moscow, don't stand a chance. The members of Autocracy, Inc, aren't linked by a unifying ideology, like communism, but rather a common desire for power, wealth, and impunity. In this urgent treatise, which evokes George Kennan's essay calling for "containment" of the Soviet Union, Anne Applebaum calls for the democracies to fundamentally reorient their policies to fight a new kind of threat.