Anurag Singh

The higher-order system reduces into a lower-order system by using model order reduction techniques, it is a very challenging field of the control system. The high order dynamic system has represented in mathematical models, and it characterizes either in state-space form or transfer function form. It is known as time domain and frequency domain representations. A physical system is denoted by a set of first-order differential equations in the state space representation. As same physical systems transfer function as a rational function. By using higher-order differential equations the physical systems are converted into the mathematical model. It is generally presented to reduce the order of the model holding the dominant behavior of the original system. This will improve comprehension of the physical system, decrease computational intricacy, hardware complexity decrease and disentangles the controller design. The proposed research work manages the techniques for approximating the transfer function of the high order system by one of the lower order systems. The reduced-order controller has been applied to the original higher-order system.

The present work is an attempt to consider the supply-chain is an integrated effort by a number of entities - from supplier of raw materials to producers, to the distributors - to produce and deliver a product or a service to end user. Planning and managing a supply chain involves making decisions which depend on estimations of future scenarios (about demand, supply, prices, etc.). Product demand variability is a source of uncertainty in any supply chain. Failure to account for significant product demand fluctuation in the midterm by deterministic planning model may lead to excessively high production costs (translating to high inventory changes) or unsatisfied customer demand and loss of market share. The important features that have not been considered earlier include (semi) continuous processes, multisite supply chains and midterm planning of multisite supply chains having (semi) continuous processing attributes is discussed as the trade off involved between the inventory depletion and production cost is face of uncertainty.