Birinderjit Singh Kalyan

Wireless sensor networks have a relatively stable topology except for the occasional failure of nodes or addition of new nodes. The path of traffic, being aggregated from a large number of end users, changes infrequently. Practically all the traffic in an infrastructure sensor network is either forwarded to or from a gateway, while in ad hoc networks or client sensor networks the traffic flows between arbitrary pairs of nodes. Wireless sensor networks were originally developed for military applications. Sensor networks are typically wireless. Over the past decade, the size, cost, and power requirements of radios has declined, enabling multiple radios to be contained within a single device, i.e., sensor node, thus allowing for greater modularity; each can handle multiple frequency bands and support a variety of functions as needed-such as client access, backhaul service, and scanning (required for high-speed handoff in mobile applications)-even customized sets of them.

Image editing encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they are digital photographs, traditional analog photographs, or illustrations. Image editing encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they are digital photographs, traditional analog photographs, or illustrations. Traditional analog image editing (TAIE) is known as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs, or editing illustrations with any traditional art medium. Graphic software programs, which can be broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and 3d modelers, are the primary tools with which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform images. Many image editing programs are also used to render or create computer art from scratch.Image Enhancement (IE) is the improvement of digital image quality (wanted e.g. for visual inspection or for machine analysis), without knowledge about the source of degradation. If the source of degradation is known, one calls the process image restoration. Both are iconical processes, viz. input and output is images.