Brad Power

With the end of the war with Russia in sight, Osama and the men around him began to dream of a global Jihad to spread the message of God and to bring the world under Islamic rule. Osama's mentor, Abdullah Azzam, a leading Palestinian Sunni Islamic scholar and theologian, was the first to recognize the necessity for an organized foundation from which believers could launch their struggle for a perfect Islamic world.

Following Iran's apparent role in kick-starting the long-delayed formation of a government in Baghdad, Tehran is seen by many as the most influential external power in Iraq. While this may or may not be true, it is clear that Iran has a proven ability to commission violence inside Iraq. Yet while the covert programs run by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Qods Force is a source of influence in Iraq, paramilitary operations come at a cost. The militarization of Iranian influence is often counterproductive in Iraq, reinforcing Iraqis' generally negative attitudes toward Iran. Tehran's concern about negative Iraqi perceptions of its paramilitary proxies has influenced the evolution of Iranian support to the so-called "Special Groups" of militant Shi a diehards in Iraq.

L' tat Islamique que l'on conna t aujourd'hui provient en fait d'un groupe dhjihadiste cr par Abou Moussab al-Zarqaoui au moment de l'intervention am ricaine en Irak, en 2003. Apr s avoir un temps pr t all geance al-Qaida, cette organisation s'allie diff rentes tribus pour renforcer son ancrage local. C'est en 2006 qu'appara t l' tat islamique en Irak. Peu apr s la mort de Zarquaoui, Abou Bakr al-Bagdadi, l'un des fondateurs, reprend le flambeau. l'heure o clate le conflit syrien, il y envoie des troupes rassembl es sous le nom de Front al-Nosra. En 2013, Bagdadi les fusionne pour former l' tat islamique en Irak et au Levant, ou EIIL. Ce sigle devient ISIS en anglais. En 2014, Bagdadi parach ve la cr ation de son organisation par la cr ation d'un Califat, et son organisation prend le nom d' tat islamique. Il s' tale cheval sur la Syrie et l'Irak.