Chi Zhang

Comprehensive resource on the fundamentals, recent research developments, and applications of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) Triboelectric Nanogenerators delivers a comprehensive overview of a lightweight, low cost, and high-efficiency sustainable mechanical energy harvesting technique that draws from the ambient environment and has high output and extremely flexible structural designs. The book starts with an introduction on triboelectric nanogenerator technology, then continues to discuss the latest fundamental studies about TENGs, including models of triboelectric effect, the discharge effect, and standardized evaluation. The next part explains new output performance promotion of TENGs for power generation applications, including output promotion through multiple methods, as well as power management and effective energy storage. The last part explores new concepts inspired by the field of TENGs, including applications in sensing, actuation, data science, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and smart cities. Written by a team of highly qualified academics with significant research experience in the field, Triboelectric Nanogenerators includes information on: Triboelectric charge generation and discharge, highlighting how electrostatic energy is often wastedEnergy potential of TENGs in comparison to other sources such as lithium-ion batteries and other types of batteriesMethods to promote and configure output performance, such as through gas environments, liquid-solid interfaces, and electromechanical structuresHigh-voltage output from TENGs and its potential for new applications in areas such as breakdown charge triggering, electrospraying, field emissions, and others Triboelectric Nanogenerators is an essential reference for scientists, engineers, students, and professionals in related fields seeking to understand this exciting energy harvesting technique and gain all of the knowledge needed to help further progress in the field.

This book provides a series of systematic theoretical results and numerical solution algorithms for dynamic optimization problems of switched systems within infinite-dimensional inequality path constraints. Dynamic optimization of path-constrained switched systems is a challenging task due to the complexity from seeking the best combinatorial optimization among the system input, switch times and switching sequences. Meanwhile, to ensure safety and guarantee product quality, path constraints are required to be rigorously satisfied (i.e., at an infinite number of time points) within a finite number of iterations. Several novel methodologies are presented by using dynamic optimization and semi-infinite programming techniques. The core advantages of our new approaches lie in two folds: i) The system input, switch times and the switching sequence can be optimized simultaneously. ii) The proposed algorithms terminate within finite iterations while coming witha certification of feasibility for the path constraints. In this book, first, we provide brief surveys on dynamic optimization of path-constrained systems and switched systems. For switched systems with a fixed switching sequence, we propose a bi-level algorithm, in which the input is optimized at the inner level, and the switch times are updated at the outer level by using the gradient information of the optimal value function calculated at the optimal input. We then propose an efficient single-level algorithm by optimizing the input and switch times simultaneously, which greatly reduces the number of nonlinear programs and the computational burden. For switched systems with free switching sequences, we propose a solution framework for dynamic optimization of path-constrained switched systems by employing the variant 2 of generalized Benders decomposition technique. In this framework, we adopt two different system formulations in the primal and master problem construction and explicitly characterize the switching sequences by introducing a binary variable. Finally, we propose a multi-objective dynamic optimization algorithm for locating approximated local Pareto solutions and quantitatively analyze the approximation optimality of the obtained solutions. This book provides a unified framework of dynamic optimization of path-constrained switched systems. It can therefore serve as a useful book for researchers and graduate students who are interested in knowing the state of the art of dynamic optimization of switched systems, as well as recent advances in path-constrained optimization problems. It is a useful source of up-to-date optimization methods and algorithms for researchers who study switched systems and graduate students of control theory and control engineering. In addition, it is also a useful source for engineers who work in the control and optimization fields such as robotics, chemical engineering and industrial processes.

This book provides a series of systematic theoretical results and numerical solution algorithms for dynamic optimization problems of switched systems within infinite-dimensional inequality path constraints. Dynamic optimization of path-constrained switched systems is a challenging task due to the complexity from seeking the best combinatorial optimization among the system input, switch times and switching sequences. Meanwhile, to ensure safety and guarantee product quality, path constraints are required to be rigorously satisfied (i.e., at an infinite number of time points) within a finite number of iterations. Several novel methodologies are presented by using dynamic optimization and semi-infinite programming techniques. The core advantages of our new approaches lie in two folds: i) The system input, switch times and the switching sequence can be optimized simultaneously. ii) The proposed algorithms terminate within finite iterations while coming witha certification of feasibility for the path constraints. In this book, first, we provide brief surveys on dynamic optimization of path-constrained systems and switched systems. For switched systems with a fixed switching sequence, we propose a bi-level algorithm, in which the input is optimized at the inner level, and the switch times are updated at the outer level by using the gradient information of the optimal value function calculated at the optimal input. We then propose an efficient single-level algorithm by optimizing the input and switch times simultaneously, which greatly reduces the number of nonlinear programs and the computational burden. For switched systems with free switching sequences, we propose a solution framework for dynamic optimization of path-constrained switched systems by employing the variant 2 of generalized Benders decomposition technique. In this framework, we adopt two different system formulations in the primal and master problem construction and explicitly characterize the switching sequences by introducing a binary variable. Finally, we propose a multi-objective dynamic optimization algorithm for locating approximated local Pareto solutions and quantitatively analyze the approximation optimality of the obtained solutions. This book provides a unified framework of dynamic optimization of path-constrained switched systems. It can therefore serve as a useful book for researchers and graduate students who are interested in knowing the state of the art of dynamic optimization of switched systems, as well as recent advances in path-constrained optimization problems. It is a useful source of up-to-date optimization methods and algorithms for researchers who study switched systems and graduate students of control theory and control engineering. In addition, it is also a useful source for engineers who work in the control and optimization fields such as robotics, chemical engineering and industrial processes.

Political Violence, Trauma and Power in China offers a bold rethinking of political violence in China by shifting attention from what violence is to how it becomes meaningful. Rather than treating China as a case to be explained, it uses China as a rich source of insight into how deaths are narrated, remembered, and transformed into symbols of heroism, terror, or tragedy. The book provides a wide-ranging, historically layered account of violence across Chinese history, from imperial assassins and Confucian moral traditions to revolutionary martyrdom, the Cultural Revolution, and contemporary security practices. It shows that violence is not judged by its physical impact alone, but through moral frameworks that define whose deaths matter and why. The book reveals how states and societies assign meaning to violence, justify coercion, and sustain political order. It also traces how these patterns extend beyond China, shaping global security practices. Accessible and conceptually ambitious, this book speaks to readers interested in China, political violence, and the ways modern politics learns to live with death. It invites us to pause before violence is too quickly named, and to ask what those names make possible.

This book focuses on tea-ware design exchanges between China and the UK since the middle of 17th Century, and explores how design encouraged trade and how the market demand influenced the development of design. The spirit of Chinese tea came to Britain alone with tea itself, and enriched the design of tea-ware, as well as British tea culture. During this process, tea-related oriental aesthetics evolved into an aesthetic image mechanism and developed as aesthetic concept, which infiltrated from private space to social space.

有一家专业机构，在台湾做过一次调查，发现90%的家长，不了解大脑发育的黄金期。可想而知，有多少孩子，在他们的大脑黄金发育期，未能得到父母、祖父母充分的照顾和教导。人类认知不断进步，人类育儿的水平也会相应不断提升。这本儿童优育心理学，特别关注如何帮助父母采取积极有效的优育策略，在孩子零岁阶段开始助力孩子起跑和卓越发展。我们的下一代，会比我们更优秀。每位父母、祖父母都怀有满腔热情，渴望为自己的孩子提供理想的成长环境，养育出优秀子女。然而，育儿之路充满挑战，远非坦途。孩子们拥有天赋的发育发展机制、独特的需求和情感，因此，如何理解他们的内心世界，以及如何在他们最早的年龄段妥善引导他们的成长，显得至关重要。本书简明扼要地通俗地介绍百年来心理学家、脑神经学家、语言学家的理论精粹，阐述儿童优育的基本原理，以及实用的优育策略，特别适合父母和祖父母阅读学习。成人世界对儿童成长存在很多的认知盲区和错误观念。这本书帮助父母、祖父母，穿透孩子成长的重重迷雾，避免家庭教育中的无意识错误，成为杰出的优育孩子的父母、祖父母。 《儿童优育心理学》是一本专注于孩子优育的心理教育的深入浅出指南，优育是全书的关键词。无论您是初为人父母的新手，还是经验丰富的祖父母级养育者，本书都将为您带来宝贵的知识、洞察和强大的工具，以更高效地支持和引导孩子的优育和健康成长。此书特别强调优育心理，强调父母和祖父母积极参与的优育，透过亲子互动中，透过环境刺激的布置和引导，探讨父母、祖父母积极的优育作用，不放养、不消极、少出错的优育，强调积极关爱、积极参与积极引导的角色和作用，给出一些列的心理学的方法和策略，提升读者关爱、参与、引导的优育水平和效力。父母、祖父母的积极或消极，正确或有误，关爱或冷酷，会直接融进孩子的成长进程。此书帮助读者了解和坚定行走在积极、正确、关爱的优育角色中，建立良好的亲子互动，实现永久的家庭支持生态。

This book examines how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has sought to legitimise its counter-terrorism strategy in the eyes of its domestic and international audiences. An important element of CCP policy in Xinjiang has been the deployment of ordinary Chinese citizens, or the 'mass line,’ to create new realities on the ground. This book explores how the history of ideological struggle in the PRC has taken on new characteristics, as well as offering insight into how the CCP has maintained legitimacy in the eyes of its population, even as it pursues policies which are internationally controversial, shedding light on the past and future of the behaviour of the Chinese state, a subject of interest to China scholars, scholars of the Belt and Road, and counter-terrorism experts.

Enhance your SQL query writing skills to provide greater business value using advanced techniques such as common table expressions, window functions, and JSON Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Key Features Examine query design and performance using query plans and indexes Solve business problems using advanced techniques such as common table expressions and window functions Use SQL in modern data platform solutions with JSON and Jupyter notebooks Book DescriptionSQL has been the de facto standard when interacting with databases for decades and shows no signs of going away. Through the years, report developers or data wranglers have had to learn SQL on the fly to meet the business needs, so if you are someone who needs to write queries, SQL Query Design and Pattern Best Practices is for you. This book will guide you through making efficient SQL queries by reducing set sizes for effective results. You’ll learn how to format your results to make them easier to consume at their destination. From there, the book will take you through solving complex business problems using more advanced techniques, such as common table expressions and window functions, and advance to uncovering issues resulting from security in the underlying dataset. Armed with this knowledge, you’ll have a foundation for building queries and be ready to shift focus to using tools, such as query plans and indexes, to optimize those queries. The book will go over the modern data estate, which includes data lakes and JSON data, and wrap up with a brief on how to use Jupyter notebooks in your SQL journey. By the end of this SQL book, you’ll be able to make efficient SQL queries that will improve your report writing and the overall SQL experience.What you will learn Build efficient queries by reducing the data being returned Manipulate your data and format it for easier consumption Form common table expressions and window functions to solve complex business issues Understand the impact of SQL security on your results Understand and use query plans to optimize your queries Understand the impact of indexes on your query performance and design Work with data lake data and JSON in SQL queries Organize your queries using Jupyter notebooks Who this book is forThis book is for SQL developers, data analysts, report writers, data scientists, and other data gatherers looking to expand their skills for complex querying as well as for building more efficient and performant queries. For those new to SQL, this book can help you accelerate your learning and keep you from making common mistakes.

In diesem Buch wird untersucht, wie die Kommunistische Partei Chinas (KPCh) versucht hat, ihre Strategie zur Terrorismusbekämpfung in den Augen ihrer nationalen und internationalen Öffentlichkeit zu legitimieren. Ein wichtiges Element der KPCh-Politik in Xinjiang war der Einsatz gewöhnlicher chinesischer Bürger oder die "Massenlinie", um neue Realitäten vor Ort zu schaffen. Dieses Buch untersucht, wie die Geschichte des ideologischen Kampfes in der Volksrepublik China neue Züge angenommen hat, und bietet Einblicke in die Art und Weise, wie die KPCh ihre Legitimität in den Augen der Bevölkerung aufrechterhalten hat, selbst wenn sie eine international umstrittene Politik verfolgt, und wirft ein Licht auf die Vergangenheit und die Zukunft des Verhaltens des chinesischen Staates, ein Thema, das für China-Wissenschaftler, Wissenschaftler des Gürtels und der Straße sowie Experten für Terrorismusbekämpfung von Interesse ist.

This book examines how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has sought to legitimise its counter-terrorism strategy in the eyes of its domestic and international audiences. An important element of CCP policy in Xinjiang has been the deployment of ordinary Chinese citizens, or the 'mass line,’ to create new realities on the ground. This book explores how the history of ideological struggle in the PRC has taken on new characteristics, as well as offering insight into how the CCP has maintained legitimacy in the eyes of its population, even as it pursues policies which are internationally controversial, shedding light on the past and future of the behaviour of the Chinese state, a subject of interest to China scholars, scholars of the Belt and Road, and counter-terrorism experts.

This monograph aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the legal protection of the private equity (PE) investors in China. In an academic sense, this research mainly focuses on the agency problems in the life cycle of PE investment under the business organization law system in China. Briefly speaking, the agency problems of PE investment derive from the two-level separation of ownership and control, one of which is the principal–agent relationship between the PE investors and the fund manager, and the other is the principal–agent relationship between the PE shareholders and the management of investee companies. It is the first research to provide an in-depth examination on the investor protection in the PE investment under the business organization law system in China.

This monograph aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the legal protection of the private equity (PE) investors in China. In an academic sense, this research mainly focuses on the agency problems in the life cycle of PE investment under the business organization law system in China. Briefly speaking, the agency problems of PE investment derive from the two-level separation of ownership and control, one of which is the principal–agent relationship between the PE investors and the fund manager, and the other is the principal–agent relationship between the PE shareholders and the management of investee companies. It is the first research to provide an in-depth examination on the investor protection in the PE investment under the business organization law system in China.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, China's energy diplomacy has been expanding rapidly and the country is searching for energy resources worldwide. This movement has not only improved China's energy security and international relations, but also enabled the Chinese national oil companies (NOCs) to access new investment markets and implement development strategies. The Chinese government and the NOCs need each other's support to realise their respective interests. The interaction between the government and the NOCs will have a critical influence on China's energy diplomacy. The Domestic Dynamics of China's Energy Diplomacy explores the long-neglected domestic dynamics of China's energy diplomacy, in particular the interaction of national and corporate interests. It argues that the convergence of national and corporate interests is the key momentum of China's energy diplomacy. It observes that the government-NOC relationship has been evolving with China's economic and enterprise reform. Finally, it tests the empirical evidence of the domestic dynamics of China's energy diplomacy against the three mainstream international political economy theories, showing their merits and shortcomings in explaining the phenomenon, before providing an alternative conceptualisation of the movement.