Christine Ayorinde

While the Spanish brought their religion, language, values, and traditions to the island to form the cornerstone of the Dominican culture, a later influx of Germans, Irish, Italians, and Sephardic Jews from the Dutch Caribbean and Lebanon added further variety. Traditional histories of the island have long overlooked the influence of black Africans on the national heritage, although this rich cultural legacy is evident in many areas. And while there has been ample discussion of the indigenous Taino people, very few of them survived over the centuries, and they left a lesser lasting imprint, limited to agriculture, diet, language, and religion.This distinctive cultural amalgam provides the backdrop for this book, which has become a classic text in the Dominican Republic. It is the first book to acknowledge creolization as the dominant feature of Dominican culture. The contributors are Dominican scholars and journalists, and they have also served as diplomats, university professors, museum directors, and artists.

Afro-Cuban religions - especially the practice of santeria, based on West African traditions - are an essential aspect of contemporary Cuban identity, Christine Ayorinde argues, and their existence has forced the current revolutionary state into bizarre and contradictory positions. Ayorinde's bold assertion confounds official pronouncements about the irrelevance of religion in a modern socialist state. The revolutionary leadership has acknowledged the centrality of Cuba's African heritage, while upholding the idea of a nationhood that transcends racial difference. Ayorinde proposes that the conflict between the desire to recognize the country's African roots and the offical commitment to a secular state has created a complex, often paradoxical situation. Despite an ideological campaign to create a new, rational society, African-derived religions are emerging today for the first time from a position of marginality. Cuba now is beset with a sense of disorientation as well as a return to old habits and patterns, including racial inequality. Based mostly inside Cuba, Ayorinde's research includes interviews and conversations with individual Cubans, including practitioners of Afro-Cuban religions from different ethnic backgrounds. Ayorinde also interviewed both religious and atheist commentators on Afro-Cuban religions and culture, including academics, journalists, party officials, and members of governmental and nongovernmental institutions, many at the forefront of efforts to give santeria greater recognition as a central component of the national culture. In addition, the book offers a fresh historical overview of changing religious forms and attitudes in Cuba, examining the encounter with European culture and the Roman Catholic Church, religious practice among slaves in the 19th century, the concept of racial fraternity articulated by Cuban patriot Jose Marti, and the witchcraft scares of the early decades of the 20th century, when religious practices were associated with criminality. Its emphasis on the period since 1959 and on the current decade places it on the cutting edge of studies that examine contemporary Cuban culture.