Dalli Bharath Simha Reddy

The bone-cutting technique of the piezoelectric device works due to the use of micro-vibrations at a specific ultrasonic frequency modulated by sonic waves. The sonic and ultrasonic frequency (25-30 kHz) is produced by a mechanical shock wave that vibrates in a linear manner. The cutting tip works with reduced vibration amplitude (horizontal 20-200 μm, vertical 20-60 μm). The selective and thermally harmless nature of the piezosurgery instrument results in a low bleeding tendency. The precise nature of the instrument allows exact, clean, and smooth cut geometries during surgery. Postoperatively, excellent wound healing, with no nerve and soft tissue injuries, is observed. Because of its highly selective and accurate nature, and cutting effect exclusively targeting hard tissue, its use may be extended to more complex oral surgery cases, as well as to other interdisciplinary problems

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a novel, noninvasive photochemical disinfection therapeutic approach to treat cancer, infections, and diseases IN MEDICAL and dental fields. It includes the use of a low-power diode laser in combination with photosensitizing compounds. The photosensitizer binds to the target cells and when it is irradiated with light of specific wavelength, in the presence of oxygen, it undergoes a transition from a low-energy ground state to an excited singlet state; then singlet oxygen and other very reactive agents are produced, which are toxic to these target cells Antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) seems to be a emerging unique and interesting therapeutic approach and holds promise as a substitute for currently available chemotherapy in the treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases.

Proteomic research is an emerging field of biological, medical, and analytical research. It could have a high impact on the understanding of various diseases and helpful in treatment planning. Proteomics can provide comprehensive and systematic information about proteins in a wide array of tissues and organs. As proteins are functional molecules, methods to determine their expression are thought to be essential for an in-depth understanding of tissue function by both quantitative and qualitative means.