Daniel Koehler

This book provides a homogeneous theoretical framework on radicalization and de-radicalization based on previous literature and several new original elements that are the product of the research of the three authors; this framework is then applied to three different historical scenarios. The aim of the book is to provide a complete and comprehensive framework to understand the phenomenon of jihadist radicalization and deradicalization. It is based on a wide selection of multidisciplinary literatures which have treated the topic from different perspectives in order to depict a picture as complete as possible. Such a multidisciplinary approach is enriched by original elements derived from the authors’ work and empirical research. This theoretical framework is applied to three different case-studies: the case of Hamas in Palestine, the case of the Islamic Group in Egypt and the cases of Ennahdha and Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia. All these groups showed rather different paths of radicalization and only two of them deradicalized. Through the analysis of their historical paths, the authors elicit the common mechanisms and dynamics that, according to the different contexts, led them to different or similar developments. This book will be of much interest to students of deradicalisation, counter-terrorism, Middle Eastern studies and International Relations.

*With a foreword by Mario Carpo*Given the extensive data sources represented by urban environments, this book investigates the potential of architecting for cities using large-scale models – the technological underpinning of Generative AI. Koehler examines Large Language Models (LLMs) in relation to architectural questions of typology – those critical junctures where architecture engages with the city itself. Typology becomes the interface between an AI model and its modeled audiences, represented languages, and scales of operation.The investigation reveals how LLMs represent a fundamental shift from comprehending discrete elements to understanding entire languages – introducing a stochastic perspective that transforms how we read and shape urban reality. At the heart of this framework lies the concept of “inductive types” – threshold interfaces that superpose multiple value regimes and actively reconfigure themselves in response to changing urban conditions. By treating architecture as a form of representational materialism rather than a fixed language, designers can engage with complex urban systems while maintaining critical agency.This approach envisions architecture as an embedding of languages, where buildings become processors of information that compute through their spatial arrangements. The synthetic knowledge produced by LLMs enables access to plural values and stakeholder perspectives, allowing architects to participate in broader material ecologies through computational superposition rather than traditional dialectical methods.Providing a robust theoretical framework as well as practical insights into how architects can adapt their notational tools and design processes to embrace AI, this will be an essential read for any practicing or researching architect or urban designer interested in the implications of AI on the built environment.

Given the extensive data sources represented by urban environments, this book investigates the potential of architecting for cities using large-scale models – the technological underpinning of Generative AI. Koehler examines Large Language Models (LLMs) in relation to architectural questions of typology – those critical junctures where architecture engages with the city itself. Typology becomes the interface between an AI model and its modeled audiences, represented languages, and scales of operation.The investigation reveals how LLMs represent a fundamental shift from comprehending discrete elements to understanding entire languages – introducing a stochastic perspective that transforms how we read and shape urban reality. At the heart of this framework lies the concept of “inductive types” – threshold interfaces that superpose multiple value regimes and actively reconfigure themselves in response to changing urban conditions. By treating architecture as a form of representational materialism rather than a fixed language, designers can engage with complex urban systems while maintaining critical agency.This approach envisions architecture as an embedding of languages, where buildings become processors of information that compute through their spatial arrangements. The synthetic knowledge produced by LLMs enables access to plural values and stakeholder perspectives, allowing architects to participate in broader material ecologies through computational superposition rather than traditional dialectical methods.Providing a robust theoretical framework as well as practical insights into how architects can adapt their notational tools and design processes to embrace AI, this will be an essential read for any practicing or researching architect or urban designer interested in the implications of AI on the built environment.

What makes a neo-Nazi become a convinced anti-fascist or a radical left-winger become a devout Salafist? How do they manage to fit into their new environment and gain acceptance as a former enemy? The people featured in this book made highly puzzling journeys, first venturing into extremist milieus and then deciding to switch to the opposite side. By using their extraordinary life-stories and their own narratives, this book provides the first in-depth analysis of how and why people move between seemingly opposing extremist environments that can sometimes overlap and influence each other. It aims to understand how these extremists manage to convince their new group that they can be trusted, which also allows us to dive deep into the psychology of extremism and terrorism. This fascinating work will be of immense value to those studying radicalization and counter-radicalization in terrorism studies, social psychology and political science.

This book examines how de-radicalisation programmes have been portrayed in the media and details the role of public relations (PR) strategies employed by such programmes and Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) to create positive coverage of their work.CVE and de-radicalisation programmes have seen a significant rise in recent years and are now cornerstones of many countries’ counterterrorism strategies. Despite the increased importance of these tools to counter violent radicalisation leading to terrorism, they remain controversial and sometimes receive fierce public criticism and opposition. This work looks at how CVE and de-radicalisation programs are able to influence a country’s discourse on de-radicalisation, and how far governmental programs differ from non-governmental initiatives in terms of their PR strategies. The book also provides a theoretical basis of how the discourse on CVE is constructed in the media. As major case studies, this book examines the United Kingdom, Germany and Nigeria. For these countries, the authors have gathered and assessed roughly 3,000 newspaper articles on de-radicalisation programmes over a decade to provide an empirical base.This book will be of much interest to students of countering violent extremism, de-radicalisation, and terrorism studies.

What makes a neo-Nazi become a convinced anti-fascist or a radical left-winger become a devout Salafist? How do they manage to fit into their new environment and gain acceptance as a former enemy? The people featured in this book made highly puzzling journeys, first venturing into extremist milieus and then deciding to switch to the opposite side. By using their extraordinary life-stories and their own narratives, this book provides the first in-depth analysis of how and why people move between seemingly opposing extremist environments that can sometimes overlap and influence each other. It aims to understand how these extremists manage to convince their new group that they can be trusted, which also allows us to dive deep into the psychology of extremism and terrorism. This fascinating work will be of immense value to those studying radicalization and counter-radicalization in terrorism studies, social psychology and political science.

This book examines how de-radicalisation programmes have been portrayed in the media and details the role of public relations (PR) strategies employed by such programmes and Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) to create positive coverage of their work.CVE and de-radicalisation programmes have seen a significant rise in recent years and are now cornerstones of many countries’ counterterrorism strategies. Despite the increased importance of these tools to counter violent radicalisation leading to terrorism, they remain controversial and sometimes receive fierce public criticism and opposition. This work looks at how CVE and de-radicalisation programs are able to influence a country’s discourse on de-radicalisation, and how far governmental programs differ from non-governmental initiatives in terms of their PR strategies. The book also provides a theoretical basis of how the discourse on CVE is constructed in the media. As major case studies, this book examines the United Kingdom, Germany and Nigeria. For these countries, the authors have gathered and assessed roughly 3,000 newspaper articles on de-radicalisation programmes over a decade to provide an empirical base.This book will be of much interest to students of countering violent extremism, de-radicalisation, and terrorism studies.

This volume offers a crucial examination of right-wing extremism, supported by detailed empirical analyses of right-wing militants' experiences within and outside their organizations. The authors delve deeply into the motivations that prompt initial membership in these groups, the elements that make membership appealing, and the factors that ultimately cause members to leave. Interpreting the present empirical data within their psychological theory of radicalization, the authors determine the commonalities and differences between instances of radicalization and derive policy-relevant implications to combat right-wing extremism. In a turbulent global environment where this strain of extremist ideology has gained more mainstream popularity, this book is a critical and timely addition to scholarship on radicalization by leading experts in the field.

This book is the first comprehensive academic study of German right-wing terrorism since the early 1960s available in the English language. It offers a unique in-depth analysis of German violent, extremist right-wing movements, terrorist events, groups, networks and individuals. In addition, the book discusses the so-called ‘National Socialist Underground’ (NSU) terror cell, which was uncovered in late 2011 by the authorities. The NSU had been active for over a decade and had killed at least ten people, as well as executing numerous bombings and bank robberies. With an examination of the group’s support network and the reasons behind the failure of the German authorities, this book sheds light on right-wing terrorist group structures, tactics and target groups in Germany. The book also contains a complete list of all the German right-wing terrorist groups and incidents since the Second World War. Based on the most detailed dataset of right-wing terrorism in Germany, this book offers highly valuable insights into this specific form of political violence and terrorism, which has been widely neglected in international terrorism research.

This book provides a comprehensive guide to the different aspects of deradicalization theories, programs and methods.It analyzes the practical and theoretical aspects of deradicalization programs and the methods being employed to bring extremists and terrorist back to a non-violent life. The book includes in-depth case studies on programs and former extremists, including interviews with former German neo-Nazis and families of Jihadists who have received deradicalization counselling. Using a coherent theory of radicalization and deradicalization, it integrates existing programs into a typology and methodology regarding the effects and concepts behind deradicalization. In addition, a current state of the art assessment of deradicalization programs around the world provides a collection of programs and landscapes worldwide. It thereby functions as a unique guide for practitioners and policymakers in need of evaluation or construction of such programs, as well as a resource pool for academics interested in research about deradicalization programs and processes. The major aim of this book is to consolidate the existing scholarship on deradicalization and to move the field forward by proposing a coherent theory of deradicalization, including ways to measure effectiveness, standard methods and procedures, different actors of such programs and cooperation on national and international level. In essence, this work enables the reader to identify how, when and why deradicalization programs work, how they can be built and structured, and to identify their limitations.This book will be of interest to students of radicalisation, counter-terrorism, radical Islam, criminology, security studies and IR.

This book provides a comprehensive guide to the different aspects of deradicalization theories, programs and methods.It analyzes the practical and theoretical aspects of deradicalization programs and the methods being employed to bring extremists and terrorist back to a non-violent life. The book includes in-depth case studies on programs and former extremists, including interviews with former German neo-Nazis and families of Jihadists who have received deradicalization counselling. Using a coherent theory of radicalization and deradicalization, it integrates existing programs into a typology and methodology regarding the effects and concepts behind deradicalization. In addition, a current state of the art assessment of deradicalization programs around the world provides a collection of programs and landscapes worldwide. It thereby functions as a unique guide for practitioners and policymakers in need of evaluation or construction of such programs, as well as a resource pool for academics interested in research about deradicalization programs and processes. The major aim of this book is to consolidate the existing scholarship on deradicalization and to move the field forward by proposing a coherent theory of deradicalization, including ways to measure effectiveness, standard methods and procedures, different actors of such programs and cooperation on national and international level. In essence, this work enables the reader to identify how, when and why deradicalization programs work, how they can be built and structured, and to identify their limitations.This book will be of interest to students of radicalisation, counter-terrorism, radical Islam, criminology, security studies and IR.

This book is the first comprehensive academic study of German right-wing terrorism since the early 1960s available in the English language. It offers a unique in-depth analysis of German violent, extremist right-wing movements, terrorist events, groups, networks and individuals. In addition, the book discusses the so-called ‘National Socialist Underground’ (NSU) terror cell, which was uncovered in late 2011 by the authorities. The NSU had been active for over a decade and had killed at least ten people, as well as executing numerous bombings and bank robberies. With an examination of the group’s support network and the reasons behind the failure of the German authorities, this book sheds light on right-wing terrorist group structures, tactics and target groups in Germany. The book also contains a complete list of all the German right-wing terrorist groups and incidents since the Second World War. Based on the most detailed dataset of right-wing terrorism in Germany, this book offers highly valuable insights into this specific form of political violence and terrorism, which has been widely neglected in international terrorism research.