Duncan Hallas

Socialists aim to change the world and have always sought to organize themselves as effectively as possible in order to achieve this goal. But what sort of organization do we need? These essays show why we need something more than single-issue organizations, movement coalitions, or reformist organizations if we are to achieve real change.

A history of the Communist (third) International, from its auspicious beginnings in 1919 as the centre of world revolution, its first five years as a school of strategy and tactics, through to its degeneration at the hands of the Stalinist bureaucracy. Author Duncan Hallas was a British socialist activist, speaker, writer and teacher and author of many essays and books, including Trotsky's Marxism.

No serious attempt to understand the tragedy of the Russian Revolution—and its relevance to the building of socialism today—can ignore the unique contribution made by Leon Trotsky. Leon Trotsky was one of the major architects of the October Revolution of 1917 and an organizer of the Red Army. Ironically, it also fell to him to chronicle and analyze the degeneration and destruction of socialism in Russia under Stalin’s regime. In this introduction to the politics of Leon Trotsky, Duncan Hallas analyzes four major strands in Trotsky’s writings. First, the theory of "permanent revolution," in which Trotsky elaborated a scenario for the revolution of 1917 and for understanding subsequent political developments in the underdeveloped world. Second, the first sustained attempt at a materialist analysis of the rise of Stalinism, which Trotsky spent years seeking to understand—and against which he courageously organized international opposition. Third, Trotsky’s analysis of the strategy and tactics of mass revolutionary parties in a wide variety of situations, particularly his theory of the "united front." Fourth, his views on the relationship between the revolutionary socialist party and the working class in periods of mass upheaval as well as in periods of decline. In addition, Trotsky’s Marxism and Other Essays includes essential writings by Duncan Hallas about the development of Trotskyism after Trotsky’s assassination by Stalin’s agents in 1940 and the need for an assessment of that tradition in building today’s struggles.