Eram Khan

PREF CIOAs les es odontog nicas s o uma variedade de les es com potenciais etiologias partilhadas, mas com diferentes abordagens terap uticas. As les es odontog nicas ameloblastoma, quisto dent gero e queratocisto odontog nico s o propensas a transforma o maligna ou invas o local. Mecanismos moleculares incertos est o na base do aparecimento destas les es. De acordo com alguns estudos, os oncogenes ou os genes supressores de tumores podem estar desregulados em determinadas les es. Foi documentada uma regula o negativa do gene P53 na AB, DC e OKC. V rios RNAs longos n o codificantes, incluindo KIAA0125 e ENST00000512916, tamb m foram desregulados em tecidos AB. Numerosos genes cont m polimorfismos de nucle tido nico que t m sido associados a les es odontog nicas espec ficas. Apresentamos um resumo conciso das informa es mais recentes sobre o perfil de express o gen tica nestas les es e a rela o entre os polimorfismos gen ticos e o aparecimento destas les es.

PREFAZIONELe lesioni odontogene sono una variet di lesioni con potenziali eziologie condivise ma approcci terapeutici diversi. Le lesioni odontogene ameloblastoma, cisti dentigera e cheratocisti odontogena sono inclini alla trasformazione maligna o all'invasione locale. Meccanismi molecolari incerti sono alla base della comparsa di queste lesioni. Secondo alcuni studi, gli oncogeni o i geni soppressori del tumore possono essere disregolati in alcune lesioni. La down-regulation del gene P53 stata documentata in AB, DC e OKC. Anche diversi RNA lunghi non codificanti, tra cui KIAA0125 e ENST00000512916, sono stati disregolati nei tessuti AB. Numerosi geni contengono polimorfismi a singolo nucleotide che sono stati collegati a specifiche lesioni odontogene. Forniamo una sintesi delle informazioni pi recenti sul profilo di espressione genica in queste lesioni e sulla relazione tra i polimorfismi genetici e la comparsa di queste lesioni.

PR FACELes l sions odontog nes sont une vari t de l sions ayant des tiologies communes potentielles mais des approches th rapeutiques diff rentes. Les l sions odontog nes que sont l'am loblastome, le kyste dentinaire et le k ratocyste odontog ne sont susceptibles de se transformer en tumeurs malignes ou d' tre envahies localement. Des m canismes mol culaires incertains sous-tendent l' mergence de ces l sions. Selon certaines tudes, des oncog nes ou des g nes suppresseurs de tumeurs pourraient tre d r gul s dans certaines l sions. La r gulation la baisse du g ne P53 a t document e dans l'AB, le DC et l'OKC. Un certain nombre de longs ARN non codants, dont KIAA0125 et ENST00000512916, ont galement t d r gul s dans les tissus AB. De nombreux g nes contiennent des polymorphismes d'un seul nucl otide qui ont t associ s des l sions odontog niques sp cifiques. Nous pr sentons un r sum concis des informations les plus r centes sur le profil d'expression des g nes dans ces l sions et sur la relation entre les polymorphismes g n tiques et l' mergence de ces l sions.

VORWORTOdontogene L sionen sind eine Vielzahl von L sionen mit potenziell gemeinsamer tiologie, aber unterschiedlichen therapeutischen Ans tzen. Die odontogenen L sionen Ameloblastom, Dentigeruszyste und odontogene Keratozyste neigen zu maligner Transformation oder lokaler Invasion. Die molekularen Mechanismen, die der Entstehung dieser L sionen zugrunde liegen, sind unklar. Einigen Studien zufolge k nnen Onkogene oder Tumorsuppressorgene in bestimmten L sionen dysreguliert sein. Eine Herunterregulierung des P53-Gens wurde bei AB, DC und OKC nachgewiesen. Eine Reihe von langen nicht-kodierenden RNAs, darunter KIAA0125 und ENST00000512916, wurden ebenfalls in AB-Geweben dysreguliert. Zahlreiche Gene enthalten Einzelnukleotid-Polymorphismen, die mit spezifischen odontogenen L sionen in Verbindung gebracht wurden. Wir geben eine kurze Zusammenfassung der neuesten Informationen ber das Genexpressionsprofil in diesen L sionen und die Beziehung zwischen genetischen Polymorphismen und der Entstehung dieser L sionen.

Digitalized dentistry enables efficient, fast and precise and error free production of fixed prosthodontics appliances. The term 'Digitization' refers to conversion of an image or signal into digital code by scanning, tracing, or a graphics tablet or using an analogue to digital conversion device. There is endless scope of digitalisation and technology in prosthodontics, be it in the clinical and lab procedures like use of CAD-CAM technology, stereolithograph, rapid prototyping, use of virtual articulators and digital facebows, digital radiographs or in the field of training, education and research by the use of virtual patient programs, dental softwares, optoelectronic recording of jaw motion, digital instron machine, retention testing device, audiovisual aids the list will remain endless. The advantages of the digital impressions and scanning systems are improving patient acceptance, reducing the distortion of impression materials, 3D pre-visualization of tooth preparations, and potential cost- and time-effectiveness. Therefore, Digitization has become part and parcel of the Contemporary Prosthodontics with the probability of most procedures being based on the Digitization.

The dimension of nanoscale has been both fascinating and intriguing since time immemorial. The flexibility of the scientist to fine tune the properties of the material at the nanoscale level has enabled one to simulate the biological behavior. Nanotechnology enables one to dramatically improve the chemical, optical and mechanical properties of a material; a property which is being harnessed by the dental profession to its fullest. The use of nanoparticles has become very popular in the designing and development of dental materials. By far, the largest application has been in dental composites, although several unique adhesive systems containing nanoparticles have also been commercialized. Nanotechnology has also enabled one to improve the surface properties of the dental implants to ensure predictable osseointegration after functional loading of the implants. The myriad of clinical applications of nanoparticles in dental ceramics, acrylic, dental cements has been a boon for the dental profession. Properties of nanoparticles when combined with biotechnology, laser and digital guided surgery will thus provide excellent dental care.