Gerhard Tutz

This book presents foundational concepts, essential principles, and practical applications of Item Response Theory (IRT). It provides a structured survey of diverse models that have been put forth, emphasizing both their differences and commonalities. The main focus is on modern latent trait theory models which provide measurement tools that clearly separate between person abilities and item parameters. The topics covered include the binary Rasch model, its extensions and alternative binary models, ordinal models and their extensions that account for response styles, the thresholds model, classical test theory, response models for count data, differential item functioning, and explanatory item response models. Tree-based item response models, typically not found in classical IRT textbooks, are also addressed. Applications of the models are illustrated on several data sets from differing areas, showing how models can be fitted and compared. All examples have been computed using R. Code snippets are provided, and the full R code for most of the examples is available online. The book is aimed at graduate students, applied statisticians, and researchers working in psychometrics, educators, and anyone curious about modeling strategies that enhance the precision and validity of their measurement tools. It serves as an introductory guide for beginners while also providing a resource for those seeking an overview of the plethora of available IRT models.

Dieses Lehrbuch liefert eine umfassende Darstellung der deskriptiven und induktiven Statistik sowie moderner Methoden der explorativen Datenanalyse. Dabei stehen inhaltliche Motivation, Interpretation und Verständnis der Methoden im Vordergrund. Unterstützt werden diese durch zahlreiche Grafiken und Anwendungsbeispiele, die auf realen Daten basieren, sowie passende exemplarische R-Codes und Datensätze. Die im Buch beschriebenen Ergebnisse können außerdem anhand der online zur Verfügung stehenden Materialien reproduziert sowie um eigene Analysen ergänzt werden. Eine kurze Einführung in die freie Programmiersprache R ist ebenfalls enthalten. Hervorhebungen erhöhen die Lesbarkeit und Übersichtlichkeit. Das Buch eignet sich als vorlesungsbegleitende Lektüre, aber auch zum Selbststudium.Für die 9. Auflage wurde das Buch inhaltlich überarbeitet und ergänzt. Leserinnen und Leser erhalten nun in der Springer-Nature-Flashcards-App zusätzlich kostenfreien Zugriff auf über 100 exklusive Lernfragen, mit denen sie ihr Wissen überprüfen können.

This book focuses on statistical methods for the analysis of discrete failure times. Failure time analysis is one of the most important fields in statistical research, with applications affecting a wide range of disciplines, in particular, demography, econometrics, epidemiology and clinical research. Although there are a large variety of statistical methods for failure time analysis, many techniques are designed for failure times that are measured on a continuous scale. In empirical studies, however, failure times are often discrete, either because they have been measured in intervals (e.g., quarterly or yearly) or because they have been rounded or grouped. The book covers well-established methods like life-table analysis and discrete hazard regression models, but also introduces state-of-the art techniques for model evaluation, nonparametric estimation and variable selection. Throughout, the methods are illustrated by real life applications, and relationships to survival analysis in continuous time are explained. Each section includes a set of exercises on the respective topics. Various functions and tools for the analysis of discrete survival data are collected in the R package discSurv that accompanies the book.

This book focuses on statistical methods for the analysis of discrete failure times. Failure time analysis is one of the most important fields in statistical research, with applications affecting a wide range of disciplines, in particular, demography, econometrics, epidemiology and clinical research. Although there are a large variety of statistical methods for failure time analysis, many techniques are designed for failure times that are measured on a continuous scale. In empirical studies, however, failure times are often discrete, either because they have been measured in intervals (e.g., quarterly or yearly) or because they have been rounded or grouped. The book covers well-established methods like life-table analysis and discrete hazard regression models, but also introduces state-of-the art techniques for model evaluation, nonparametric estimation and variable selection. Throughout, the methods are illustrated by real life applications, and relationships to survival analysis in continuous time are explained. Each section includes a set of exercises on the respective topics. Various functions and tools for the analysis of discrete survival data are collected in the R package discSurv that accompanies the book.

Since our first edition of this book, many developments in statistical mod­ elling based on generalized linear models have been published, and our primary aim is to bring the book up to date. Naturally, the choice of these recent developments reflects our own teaching and research interests. The new organization parallels that of the first edition. We try to motiv­ ate and illustrate concepts with examples using real data, and most data sets are available on http:/ fwww. stat. uni-muenchen. de/welcome_e. html, with a link to data archive. We could not treat all recent developments in the main text, and in such cases we point to references at the end of each chapter. Many changes will be found in several sections, especially with those connected to Bayesian concepts. For example, the treatment of marginal models in Chapter 3 is now current and state-of-the-art. The coverage of nonparametric and semiparametric generalized regression in Chapter 5 is completely rewritten with a shift of emphasis to linear bases, as well as new sections on local smoothing approaches and Bayesian inference. Chapter 6 now incorporates developments in parametric modelling of both time series and longitudinal data. Additionally, random effect models in Chapter 7 now cover nonparametric maximum likelihood and a new section on fully Bayesian approaches. The modifications and extensions in Chapter 8 reflect the rapid development in state space and hidden Markov models.

Dieses Arbeitsbuch ergänzt perfekt das Lehrbuch Fahrmeir/Künstler/Pigeot/Tutz: Statistik - Der Weg zur Datenanalyse. Es bietet eine Fülle von Aufgaben inklusive Lösungen und Computerübungen mit realen Daten. Es dient damit der Vertiefung und der Einübung des im Lehrbuch vermittelten Stoffes zur Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, deskriptiven und induktiven Statistik. Die 5. Auflage enthält eine Reihe neuer Aufgaben, die hauptsächlich in Klausuren verwendet wurden.

This text is aimed at applied statisticians, graduate students of statistics, and students and researchers with a strong interest in statistics and data analysis. This second edition is extensively revised, especially those sections relating with Bayesian concepts.

Das Werk gibt eine Einfuhrung in die Kategoriale Regression, die auch fur Anwender sehr gut geeignet ist. Neben wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Beispielen, die zahlenmassig dominieren, finden sich Beispiele aus Biometrie, der medizinischen Statistik, Psychologie und Demographie. Aus dem Inhalt: Einfuhrung. Logistische Regression und Logit-Modell fur binare abhangige Grossen. Schatzung, Modellanpassung und Einflussgrossen. Multinominale Modelle fur ungeordnete Kategorien. Regression mit ordinaler abhangiger Variable. Zahldaten und die Analyse von Kontingenztafeln: das loglineare Modell. Nonparametrische Regression I: Glattungsverfahren. Nonparametrische Regression II: Klassifikations- und Regressionsbaume. Kategoriale Prognose und Diskriminanzanalyse. Elemente der Schatz- und Testtheorie. Anhang."

Das Buch gibt eine Einfuhrung und einen Einblick in Latent Trait-Modelle zum Paarvergleich mit ordinaler Reaktionsvariabler. Zahlreiche neue Ergebnisse werden unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Praktikabilitat sowie der messtheoretischen Fundierung vorgestellt.