Hans Blumenberg

An important work by 20-century philosopher Hans Blumenberg, here translated into English for the first time, The Laughter of the Thracian Woman describes the reception history of an anecdote best known from Plato’s Theaetetus dialogue: while focused on observing the stars, the early astronomer and proto-philosopher Thales of Miletus fails to see a well directly in his path and tumbles down. A Thracian servant girl laughs, amused that he sought to understand what was above him when he was not mindful of what was right in front of him. Blumenberg sees the story as a highly sought substitute for our missing knowledge of the earliest historical events that would fit the label “theory.” By retelling the anecdote, philosophers reveal their distinctive values regarding absorption in curiosity, philosophy’s past, and the demand that theorists abide by sanctioned methods and procedures. In this work and others, Blumenberg demonstrates that philosophers’ most beloved images and anecdotes have become indispensable to philosophy as metaphors; that is, as representations whose meanings remain indefinite and invite frequent reinterpretation.

English summary: Blumenberg explores the ways we have domesticated the lion through our language, following the paths of literature and idiosyncratic expressions, from the Bible and Euripides to La Fontaine. French description: Une faim de lion, tourner en rond comme un lion en cage, avoir mange du lion, se tailler la part du lion, se battre comme un lion et pourquoi on ne peut greffer un coeur de lion sur un lapin? Nous avons domestique l'animal, non seulement dans l'appetit ou les zoos mais aussi dans la langue avec des expressions plus ou moins heureuses. Non pas une anthologie ou une encyclopedie, mais plutot une curiosite et des pensees pistees a la trace de ses lectures: voici ce que reunit Blumenberg 5 ans avant sa mort. Un monde sans lion serait un monde desole: si les lions savaient peindre, leurs chasseurs seraient les proies . Avec la Bible, Euripide, Fontane, Ibsen, Schiller ou encore La Fontaine, tout un art de l'interpretation dont l'oeuvre de Blumenberg temoigne.

What role do metaphors play in philosophical language? Are they impediments to clear thinking and clear expression, rhetorical flourishes that may well help to make philosophy more accessible to a lay audience, but that ought ideally to be eradicated in the interests of terminological exactness? Or can the images used by philosophers tell us more about the hopes and cares, attitudes and indifferences that regulate an epoch than their carefully elaborated systems of thought? In Paradigms for a Metaphorology, originally published in 1960 and here made available for the first time in English translation, Hans Blumenberg (1920-1996) approaches these questions by examining the relationship between metaphors and concepts. Blumenberg argues for the existence of "absolute metaphors" that cannot be translated back into conceptual language. "Absolute metaphors" answer the supposedly naïve, theoretically unanswerable questions whose relevance lies quite simply in the fact that they cannot be brushed aside, since we do not pose them ourselves but find them already posed in the ground of our existence. They leap into a void that concepts are unable to fill. An afterword by the translator, Robert Savage, positions the book in the intellectual context of its time and explains its continuing importance for work in the history of ideas.

In this collection of short meditations on various topics, Hans Blumenberg eschews academic ponderousness and writes in a genre evocative of Montaigne's Essais, Walter Benjamin's Denkbilder, or Adorno's Minima Moralia. Drawing upon an intellectual tradition that ranges from Aesop to Wittgenstein and from medieval theology to astrophysics, he works as a detective of ideas scouring the periphery of intellectual and philosophical history for clues—metaphors, gestures, anecdotes—essential to grasping human finitude. Images of shipwrecks, attempts at ordering the world, and questions of foundations are traced through the work of Goethe, Schopenhauer, Simmel, Husserl, Thomas Mann, and others. The book's reflections culminate in a rereading of the fable "Care Crosses the River" that lies at the center of Heidegger's analysis of Dasein in which the fable's elided Gnostic center is recovered: Care creates the human in its own image, as a reflection of its narcissism. At stake throughout are two inextricable elements of Blumenberg's thought: a theory of nonconceptuality as essential to philosophizing and an exploration of culture understood as humanity's unceasing attempts to relieve itself of the weight of the absolutism of reality.

In this collection of short meditations on various topics, Hans Blumenberg eschews academic ponderousness and writes in a genre evocative of Montaigne's Essais, Walter Benjamin's Denkbilder, or Adorno's Minima Moralia. Drawing upon an intellectual tradition that ranges from Aesop to Wittgenstein and from medieval theology to astrophysics, he works as a detective of ideas scouring the periphery of intellectual and philosophical history for clues—metaphors, gestures, anecdotes—essential to grasping human finitude. Images of shipwrecks, attempts at ordering the world, and questions of foundations are traced through the work of Goethe, Schopenhauer, Simmel, Husserl, Thomas Mann, and others. The book's reflections culminate in a rereading of the fable "Care Crosses the River" that lies at the center of Heidegger's analysis of Dasein in which the fable's elided Gnostic center is recovered: Care creates the human in its own image, as a reflection of its narcissism. At stake throughout are two inextricable elements of Blumenberg's thought: a theory of nonconceptuality as essential to philosophizing and an exploration of culture understood as humanity's unceasing attempts to relieve itself of the weight of the absolutism of reality.

Hans Blumenbergs Buch Schiffbruch mit Zuschauer endet mit einem Text, der den etwas enigmatischen Titel "Ausblick auf eine Theorie der Unbegrifflichkeit" trägt. Zu Lebzeiten blieb es bei diesem Ausblick auf eine Theorie, die den Grundbedingungen der Theorie - nämlich begrifflich verfaßt zu sein - zu widersprechen schien und somit vielerlei Rätsel aufgab. Zu den wunderbaren Entdeckungen, die im Nachlaß Hans Blumenbergs zu machen sind, gehört nicht nur eine Mappe mit kleinen Entwürfen, sondern auch ein längeres Manuskript, das den "Ausblick" bis zu einer ausgewachsenen "Theorie der Unbegrifflichkeit" führt, die zudem ein Text von programmatischem Charakter für Blumenbergs philosophisches Projekt insgesamt ist: eine philosophische Programmschrift. Die Theorie der Unbegrifflichkeit kann als Pendant, als Weiterentwicklung und als Gegenentwurf der berühmten Paradigmen zu einer Metaphorologie von 1960 gelten. Mit ihr ist die Kontinuität des metaphorologischen Projekts im Werk Blumenbergs in wünschbarer Klarheit nachzuvollziehen.

Metaphern haben Geschichte in einem radikalen Sinn als Begriffe, denn der historische Wandel einer Metapher bringt die Metakinetik geschichtlicher Sinnhorizonte und Sichtweisen selbst zum Vorschein, innerhalb deren Begriffe ihre Modifikationen erfahren. Durch dieses Implikationsverhältnis bestimmt sich das Verhältnis der Metaphorologie zu Begriffsgeschichte als ein solches des Dienstbarkeit: die Metaphorologie sucht an die Substruktur des Denkens heranzukommen, an den Untergrund, die Nährlösung der systematischen Kristallisationen, aber sie will auch faßbar machen, mit welchem 'Mut' sich der Geist in seinen Bildern selbst voraus ist und wie sich im Mut zur Vermutung seine Geschichte entwirft.