Hans Mol

In the late Middle Ages and early modern times, able-bodied men between sixteen and sixty years of age were called upon all over Europe to participate in raids, sieges and battles, for the defense of home and hearth. Because these men are regarded as amateurs, military historiography has paid little attention to their efforts. This book aims to change that by studying the mobilization, organization and weaponry of popular levies for a time when war was frequently waged between states in the making. Central to the book is the composition and development of the rural and urban militias in Friesland, dissected in a comparative Northwest European perspective, along with an examination of why the self-defense of the Frisians ultimately failed in their efforts to preserve their political autonomy. The main source is an extensive series of muster lists from 1552 that have survived for six cities and fourteen rural districts.

In the late Middle Ages and early modern times, able-bodied men between sixteen and sixty years of age were called upon all over Europe to participate in raids, sieges and battles, for the defense of home and hearth. Because these men are regarded as amateurs, military historiography has paid little attention to their efforts. This book aims to change that by studying the mobilization, organization and weaponry of popular levies for a time when war was frequently waged between states in the making. Central to the book is the composition and development of the rural and urban militias in Friesland, dissected in a comparative Northwest European perspective, along with an examination of why the self-defense of the Frisians ultimately failed in their efforts to preserve their political autonomy. The main source is an extensive series of muster lists from 1552 that have survived for six cities and fourteen rural districts.

Macmillan Next Move British English Workbooks provide substantial support for the Pupil's Book and enable learners to develop their language skills both in the classroom and at home through homework. The country topics are sustained throughout the Workbook units reinforcing the realistic contexts and cross-cultural experience.

• Extra practice of vocabulary and grammar found in the Pupil’s Book• Includes a spelling feature, values projects, and fun games that extend the Progress Check lesson of the Pupil's Book• Progress Record Sheet allows students to track their development

Helps teachers of young learners introduce and practise grammar in a fun and motivating way. Steers a middle course between grammar-based and communicative approaches to teaching: meaning is the main focus of all language teaching and grammar is an intrinsic part of making meaning explicit.

Recognizing the importance of the child's own world, this six-level course in American English encourages children to reflect upon their own culture and customs and the world around them, taking learners on a country-by-country journey of discovery.

This volume describes the effect of religion on the identity of the native Maoris and Pakehas (white settlers in New Zealand. The description is woven around the idea that the fixed (identity) is constantly ""unglued"" by the fickle (change). The Maori charismatic movements are seen as attempts to absorb the devastating effects of Pakeha incursion into a viable system of meaning. Yet the white white settlers, too, had to tame the discontinuities with the past and the ravages of cultural change. Religion is seen to be at the forefront of the struggle to defend and reinforce the boundaries around the variety of identities.In presenting his thesis, the author has brought together a wide range of information - other anthropological and sociological studies, historical accounts, official statements, and religious census data. The volume will be of interest to students of sociology, anthropology, and religion.

This volume is woven around the idea that wholeness (the firm) and fragmentation (risking formlessness) alternate in human affairs. This theme is applied to the history and the present condition of Australian Aboriginals. Their religion is seen as a way to bolster a precarious identity and to affirm order in an existence which would otherwise become formless. It deals with totemism as a form of ordering a variety of often conflicting identities. The author describes the modern predicament of Aborigines in Australian society and concludes that their revitalization will occur only when they manage to make economic self-sufficiency subordinate to a viable and firm view of existence. He critically integrates into his analyses and interpretations the positions of such well-known scholars as Frazer, Durkheim, Freud, Lévi-Strauss, Radcliffe-Brown, Eliade, and Stanner. The volume will be of interest to students of sociology, anthropology, and religion.