Heidi Peters

The Commission on Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Reform asked the RAND Corporation for an independent analysis of PPBE-like functions in selected countries and non-Department of Defense federal agencies. This executive summary distills key insights from nine case studies of budgeting processes across comparative organizations, as detailed in three companion volumes.

To achieve its core mission set and in the face of the rapid development of potential adversary capabilities in space, the U.S. Space Force (USSF) needs to fundamentally rethink how it defines requirements. To support this necessary transformation, the authors identify implementable changes to USSF capability requirements development that leverage best practices in requirements development and digital engineering.

The Commission on Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Reform asked RAND for an independent analysis of PPBE-like functions in selected countries and other U.S. federal agencies comparable to the U.S. Department of Defense. This executive summary distills key insights from seven case studies of budgeting processes, as detailed in two companion volumes, and compiles findings from all 16 case studies in the seven-volume series.

This report adds two case studies of planning, programming, budgeting, and execution (PPBE) functions-in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and in the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration-to those of other U.S. federal government agencies presented in Volume 3, offering further insights for improving the U.S. Department of Defense's PPBE processes.

The Commission on Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Reform asked the RAND Corporation for an independent analysis of PPBE-like functions in selected countries and other federal agencies. In this volume, RAND researchers conduct case studies of the defense budgeting processes of China and Russia.

The Commission on Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Reform asked the RAND Corporation for an independent analysis of PPBE-like functions in selected countries and other federal agencies. In this second volume of four reports on this subject, RAND researchers conducted case studies of the defense budgeting processes of Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom.

This report, part of a four-volume set, presents case studies of planning, programming, budgeting, and execution (PPBE) functions in the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence to provide insights for improving the U.S. Department of Defense's PPBE processes.