Hitesh Patel

Die Katalyse hat eine wichtige Rolle bei der Verringerung der Umweltverschmutzung durch chemische Prozesse gespielt. Durch den Einsatz von Katalysatoren k nnen organische Reaktionen effizienter und selektiver ablaufen, wodurch gro e Mengen an Nebenprodukten und anderen Abfallstoffen vermieden werden. Dieses Buch bietet einen umfassenden berblick ber KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (Aluminiumchlorid) als umweltfreundlichen, kosteng nstigen, leicht verf gbaren und wiederverwendbaren Katalysator f r die gr ne Synthese organischer Verbindungen.

Kataliza odgrywa znaczącą rolę w ograniczaniu zanieczyszczenia środowiska spowodowanego procesami chemicznymi. Dzięki zastosowaniu katalizator w reakcje organiczne mogą przebiegac w spos b bardziej wydajny i selektywny, co pozwala wyeliminowac duże ilości produkt w ubocznych i innych związk w odpadowych. Niniejsza publikacja zawiera szeroki przegląd wlaściwości KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (almu) jako ekologicznego, niedrogiego, latwo dostępnego i wielokrotnego użytku katalizatora w ekologicznej syntezie związk w organicznych.

A cat lise tem desempenhado um papel significativo na redu o da polui o causada por processos qu micos no nosso ambiente. Atrav s da utiliza o de catalisadores, as rea es org nicas podem ser mais eficientes e seletivas, eliminando assim grandes quantidades de subprodutos e outros compostos residuais. Este livro oferece uma vis o geral abrangente do KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum) como um catalisador ecol gico, barato, facilmente dispon vel e reutiliz vel na s ntese verde de compostos org nicos.

In summary, the goal of this work was achieved by successfully separating phycocyanin from Spirulina and encapsulating it in chitosan nanoparticles. The effectiveness of the phycocyanin nanoparticles' antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics was then evaluated. The nanoparticles show a significant potential for antioxidant and antibacterial action, according to our data. In addition, it was found that the nanoparticles were more active than the crude phycocyanin extract, indicating that the formulation technique was effective. The examination of phycocyanin nanoparticles using techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy yielded valuable information about the nanoparticles' physicochemical properties. The nanoparticles were spherical, ranged in size from 80 to 120 nm, and had a zeta potential of -30 mV, according to the results. The FTIR analysis demonstrated conclusively that chitosan was included in the nanoparticle formulation.

Experiment was carried out at FRS, Sakkar baug, CoH, JAU, Junagadh during the year 2022-23. The fruit fly population was recorded from the 23rd to the 52nd SMW. The peak incidence of fruit fly was recorded at 35th SMW which was 865.13 fruit flies per trap. On the other hand, the lowest population of fruit fly (10.00 fruit flies/trap) was recorded at 52nd SMW. Maximum activity of fruit fly was remained throughout August month with 800.31 fruit flies per trap and the minimum activity of fruit fly was observed during the December month with 21.12 fruit flies per trap. Fruit fly had a highly significant positive correlation with evening humidity (r = 0.670), morning humidity (r = 0.669) and minimum temperature (r = 0.522). While, wind speed (r = 0.216) and rainfall (r = 0.293) were also found positively correlated but it was non-significant to the fruit fly population. Temperature fluctuation (r = -0.696), relative humidity fluctuation (r = -0.616), bright sunshine hours (r = -0.486) and evaporation (r = -0.483) had a highly significant negative correlation with fruit fly population.

In this study, researchers focused on selecting Bambusa Arundinaceae (Bamboo) and Euphorbia Hirta plants for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). These plants were chosen for their diverse medicinal properties. The FTIR analysis provided valuable information about the structure of the synthesized nanoparticles, confirming the presence of characteristic bands associated with silver nanoparticles in both Bamboo and Euphorbia samples. These bands indicated the formation of stable AgNPs and suggested the involvement of specific functional groups from the plant extracts in the reduction and stabilization process. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs was also evaluated against pathogenic organisms. The results demonstrated potential antimicrobial efficacy for both Bamboo and Euphorbia nanoparticles. However, further investigations are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism underlying their antimicrobial activity. In summary, this study successfully synthesized silver nanoparticles using an eco-friendly approach by employing Bamboo and Euphorbia leaf extracts as reducing agents.