Hui Li

Based on the construction of Nanjing Weisan Road Yangtze River Tunnel, this book comprehensively introduces the new technology of large-diameter shield tunnel construction crossing circular air shafts. It focuses on four aspects: the construction technology of super-deep circular air shaft foundation pit retaining structure in the sensitive environment near the river, underwater excavation and underwater massive concrete sealing bottom construction technology, adaptive improvement of TBM and construction technology of crossing air shaft, and control technology of super-deep foundation pit stability during the process of conversion. This book combines theory with practice, and can provide reference for shield engineering construction. It can also be used as a reference for engineering and technical personnel, researchers, teachers and students in related majors in colleges who are engaged in shield tunnel engineering.

The book investigates cognitive development in young children through a series of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies conducted by the author and his team. It explores the neural correlates of cognitive processes, such as mental rotation, inhibitory control, and joint attention, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying these processes in preschoolers. Methodological advancements in fNIRS research, including multivariable and multiscale sample entropy analysis, are highlighted to demonstrate cutting-edge approaches in studying neurocognitive development. Furthermore, the book examines the influence of sociocultural and linguistic factors on cognitive processes. Through a multidisciplinary approach that integrates developmental psychology, neuroscience, and education, it offers a comprehensive perspective on neurocognitive development in preschoolers, contributing to the evolving discourse on early childhood cognitive functioning and laying the groundwork for future research directions. The book will appeal to scholars of developmental psychology, neuroscience, and education. It also provides practical implications for educators, policymakers, and practitioners working with preschoolers.

This open access book introduces external factors such as loads and constraints into the theory of configurational vulnerability, thereby overcoming the classical theory's inability to account for external influences. Stability is a governing factor in the design of single-layer gridshells, becoming increasingly critical as the span grows. However, current design methodologies address stability primarily through post-design verification, which severs the intrinsic link between member design and overall structural stability. This disjointed approach leads to iterative cycles of design and verification, reducing efficiency. Concurrently, advances in industrialized construction have spurred the development of numerous innovative joints tailored for prefabricated construction. These joints are neither ideally rigid nor ideally hinged. Yet, prevailing design methods and stability verification processes still assume ideal rigid connections, failing to incorporate the mechanical properties of joints and thereby constraining the adoption and application of these new designs. This integration provides a novel perspective on instability mechanisms. Based on the instability mechanisms of gridshells, a stability optimization model is developed under the rigid joint assumption. Due to the large number of variables involved in the optimization model, conventional algorithms often prove inadequate. To address this, the study enhances the standard genetic algorithm by replacing its random mutation mechanism with a directed mutation mechanism, significantly improving search efficiency. The improved algorithm efficiently solves large-scale stability optimization problems for single-layer gridshells, as validated using three gridshells of varying scales and two constructed examples. To expand the forms of gridshell joints, the study employs advanced topology optimization techniques to enhance rotational stiffness. Simultaneously, the study integrates the requirements of prefabricated construction by designing a universal connection interface capable of accommodating members from diverse orientations. This effort culminates in the development of novel joint designs for spatial grid structures that are both mechanically efficient and construction-friendly.

The Internet is the most important global infrastructure in the digital economy era. Its role has shifted from simple information exchange to support all kinds of novel scenarios and applications. Considering the diverse communication requirements, the development trend of the future network should support various addressing methods, such as IP address, identity, service, content, geographical location, and other potential communication modes. Therefore, a co-governed, secure, and evolvable novel network architecture is indispensable. This Open Access book focuses on Co-Governed Multi-Identifier Network (CoG-MIN), a promising future network architecture that provides an ecological solution for the sustainable evolution of packet networks. The design of CoG-MIN follows three main principles: blockchain-based global co-governed among top-level domains, endogenous network security, and sustainable evolution. CoG-MIN aims to promote peaceful, orderly, secure, and sustainable development for the global computer network. It will end the gridlock in which network systems need to be continuously upgraded due to the exponential scale expansion of addressing and routing on the current network layer. In other words, CoG-MIN enables a variety of networks to coexist and transition naturally. This will save countless establishment costs and take advantage of existing network equipment and devices. This book provides important reference materials about the mentioned topic for the research of computer network, network security, network communication, and other disciplines.

The continuous evolution and widespread application of communication technology, network technology and computing technology have promoted the intelligent interconnection of all things and ubiquitous sharing of information. The cross-border, cross-system, and cross-ecosystem exchange of user data has become commonplace. At the same time, difficulties in the prevention of private information abuse and lack of protection methods have become global problems. As such, there is an urgent need to intensify basic theoretical research in this field to support the protection of personal information in a ubiquitously interconnected environment. The authors of this book proposed the concept, definition and research scope of privacy computing for the first time in 2015. This book represents their original and innovative scientific research achievement dedicated to privacy computing research, and systematically explains the basic theory and technology involved. It introduces readers to the connection between personal information and privacy protection, defines privacy protection and privacy desensitization, clarifies and summarizes the limitations of existing privacy-preserving technologies in practical information system applications, analyzes the necessity of conducting privacy computing research, and proposes the concept, definition and research scope of privacy computing. It comprehensively expounds the theoretical system of privacy computing and some privacy-preserving algorithms based on the idea of privacy computing. In closing, it outlines future research directions.

Technical theory, key technologies, and practical applications for consortium blockchains, with a solution to the CAP trilemma problem Principles and Applications of Blockchain Systems provides a comprehensive introduction to consortium blockchains, including the physical, network, consensus, and contract layers, covering technical theory, key technologies, and practical applications. Beyond the technical side, this book visually showcases the application potential of consortium blockchains, with information on implementation cases in network management (Multi-Identifier System) and secure storage (Mimic Distributed Storage System). This book thoroughly addresses the CAP trilemma problem for consortium blockchains, a major barrier to scalability, by presenting a novel quantifiable impossibility triangle with a solution. Additionally, optimization techniques in consortium blockchains, such as P2P protocols for future networks and consensus algorithms, are discussed in detail. Written by two highly qualified academics with significant experience in the field, Principles and Applications of Blockchain Systems discusses topics such as: Peer-to-peer networks in consortium blockchains, covering P2P network architecture and node discovery, data synchronization, and gossip protocolsBasic concepts of distributed consistency, including the SMR model in blockchain systems, assumptions for distributed networks, and the Byzantine Generals problemConsensus mechanisms evolution process from voting-based, including PBFT, RPCA, SCP, and CoT; to proof-based including PoW, PoS, and PoX; finally optimized by fusion both voting-based and proof-based, including PoV, PPoV, HotStuffTypes of vulnerability for smart contracts, covering solidity code, EVM execution, and blockchain system layersHistorical trend of upgrade from electronic consensus to quantum consensus With highly comprehensive coverage of the subject, Principles and Applications of Blockchain Systems serves as an ideal textbook for blockchain students and researchers, and a valuable reference book for engineers and business leaders involved in developing real-world blockchain systems.

The continuous evolution and widespread application of communication technology, network technology and computing technology have promoted the intelligent interconnection of all things and ubiquitous sharing of information. The cross-border, cross-system, and cross-ecosystem exchange of user data has become commonplace. At the same time, difficulties in the prevention of private information abuse and lack of protection methods have become global problems. As such, there is an urgent need to intensify basic theoretical research in this field to support the protection of personal information in a ubiquitously interconnected environment. The authors of this book proposed the concept, definition and research scope of privacy computing for the first time in 2015. This book represents their original and innovative scientific research achievement dedicated to privacy computing research, and systematically explains the basic theory and technology involved. It introduces readers to the connection between personal information and privacy protection, defines privacy protection and privacy desensitization, clarifies and summarizes the limitations of existing privacy-preserving technologies in practical information system applications, analyzes the necessity of conducting privacy computing research, and proposes the concept, definition and research scope of privacy computing. It comprehensively expounds the theoretical system of privacy computing and some privacy-preserving algorithms based on the idea of privacy computing. In closing, it outlines future research directions.

The first two chapters of this book are an update and outgrowth of the monograph Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Polyatomic Gases published by OUP in 1990, and a response to considerable improvements in the experimental determination of the transport properties of dilute gases that have taken place during the past 30 years. The experimental determination has improved sufficiently that it has become necessary to carry out calculations at the level of the second Chapman-Cowling approximation in order to give computed results that lie within the current experimental uncertainties now being reported. Chapter 3 is devoted to realistic interatomic potential energy functions, and begins with a discussion of the need for more accurate representations of these functions. Direct inversion of both microscopic data (spectroscopic transition frequencies and atomic beam scattering) and bulk property data (pressure and acoustic second virial coefficients, transport properties) are discussed in detail. The quantum chemical ab initio determination of binary atomic interaction energies and their analytical representation are discussed, followed by a detailed considerations of the interaction energies between pairs of noble gas atoms. Chapter 4 is concerned with connections between theory and experiment, including a detailed discussion of pure noble gases and their binary mixtures. Chapter 5 focuses on how to obtain the spectroscopic and thermophysical properties of a specific molecular system theoretically step by step, and provides a reference for the specific theoretical calculation work.

Lulu and her dog Dumpling enter a magical world where Chinese calligraphy comes to life in this beautifully illustrated, interactive picture book about family, tradition, and the importance of kindness.After Grandpa introduces calligraphy and Chinese characters to Lulu and her dog Dumpling, they find themselves magically transported to a world where the characters they draw come to life! Soon Lulu and Dumpling meet a bird, a zither-playing musician, and many other animated friends. But when they discover an angry dragon, Lulu is not sure how to draw them out of this tense encounter.Spanning themes of art and history, this inventive story introduces children to complex Chinese characters, celebrates family and tradition, and shows how resourcefulness and kindness can save the day.

Using comparative qualitative methodology, this book examines three Chinese societies, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China, as specific cases of democratic, hybrid and authoritarian regimes, presenting the theoretical underpinnings of civic education in contexts other than liberal democracy. It highlights on the concept of ‘good citizens’ in these three regime contexts and explores how these concepts are reflected in civic education and perceived by students in the three societies. The book focuses on three levels of comparison to ensure that all relevant issues can be identified: Level 1: regime “type”; Level 2: curriculum and policy formulations; Level 3: students’ personal experiences. These three levels are linked with each other and form a continuous process of civic education implementation in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China.

Using comparative qualitative methodology, this book examines three Chinese societies, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China, as specific cases of democratic, hybrid and authoritarian regimes, presenting the theoretical underpinnings of civic education in contexts other than liberal democracy. It highlights on the concept of ‘good citizens’ in these three regime contexts and explores how these concepts are reflected in civic education and perceived by students in the three societies. The book focuses on three levels of comparison to ensure that all relevant issues can be identified: Level 1: regime “type”; Level 2: curriculum and policy formulations; Level 3: students’ personal experiences. These three levels are linked with each other and form a continuous process of civic education implementation in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China.

This open access book introduces MIN, a novel networking architecture to implement the sovereign equality of all countries in the cyberspace. Combining legal theory and network technology, it first discusses the historical development of sovereignty and expounds the legal basis of cyberspace sovereignty. Then, based on the high-performance blockchain, it describes a new network architecture designed to implement co-governance at the technical level. Explaining network sovereignty and including rich illustrations and tables, the book helps readers new to the field grasp the evolution and necessity of cyberspace sovereignty, gain insights into network trends and develop a preliminary understanding of complex network technologies such as blockchain, security mechanisms and routing strategies. The MIN network implements the “four principles” of cyberspace adopted by most nations and people: respecting cyber sovereignty; maintaining peace and protection; promoting opennessand cooperation; and building good order to provide network system security. There maybe three scales of application scenario for MIN, the big one is for UN of Cyberspace, the middle one is for Smart city, the small one is for enterprise group or organizations as private network, MIN-VPN. We have developed the product of MIN-VPN, you could find its message on the preface if care about the security of your network.

This open access book introduces MIN, a novel networking architecture to implement the sovereign equality of all countries in the cyberspace. Combining legal theory and network technology, it first discusses the historical development of sovereignty and expounds the legal basis of cyberspace sovereignty. Then, based on the high-performance blockchain, it describes a new network architecture designed to implement co-governance at the technical level. Explaining network sovereignty and including rich illustrations and tables, the book helps readers new to the field grasp the evolution and necessity of cyberspace sovereignty, gain insights into network trends and develop a preliminary understanding of complex network technologies such as blockchain, security mechanisms and routing strategies. The MIN network implements the “four principles” of cyberspace adopted by most nations and people: respecting cyber sovereignty; maintaining peace and protection; promoting opennessand cooperation; and building good order to provide network system security. There maybe three scales of application scenario for MIN, the big one is for UN of Cyberspace, the middle one is for Smart city, the small one is for enterprise group or organizations as private network, MIN-VPN. We have developed the product of MIN-VPN, you could find its message on the preface if care about the security of your network.

Although Chinese societies have generally become striking as the classic over-achievers in international measures of academic performance, there has been no specialised publication exploring early childhood curriculum in Chinese contexts. Through this book, readers will learn more about how the Chinese context and culture collide with educators’ beliefs about the right activities for children and educators in early childhood settings. This book will be the first one of its kind to focus on early childhood curriculum in Chinese societies – from social context and culture to reforms and practices, and finally to the lessons that researchers, policymakers and practitioners could learn, as well as future directions. Is play valued? Are young children schooled earlier in Chinese societies? How do Chinese children learn in kindergartens? What is valued by Chinese educators when they implement early childhood curricula? How do Chinese teachers deliver early childhood curricula for their young children? Why were Chinese early childhood curricula implemented in these ways? Answers to these questions and more will be provided in this pioneering book.

Although Chinese societies have generally become striking as the classic over-achievers in international measures of academic performance, there has been no specialised publication exploring early childhood curriculum in Chinese contexts. Through this book, readers will learn more about how the Chinese context and culture collide with educators’ beliefs about the right activities for children and educators in early childhood settings. This book will be the first one of its kind to focus on early childhood curriculum in Chinese societies – from social context and culture to reforms and practices, and finally to the lessons that researchers, policymakers and practitioners could learn, as well as future directions. Is play valued? Are young children schooled earlier in Chinese societies? How do Chinese children learn in kindergartens? What is valued by Chinese educators when they implement early childhood curricula? How do Chinese teachers deliver early childhood curricula for their young children? Why were Chinese early childhood curricula implemented in these ways? Answers to these questions and more will be provided in this pioneering book.