James Lees

Reprint of the original, first published in 1859.

Reprint of the original, first published in 1859.

This book looks at how the fledgling British East India Company state of the 1760s developed into the mature Anglo-Indian empire of the 19th century. It investigates the bureaucratic culture of early Company administrators, primarily at the district level, and the influence of that culture on the nature and scope of colonial government in India. Drawing on a host of archival material and secondary sources, James Lees details the power relationship between local officials and their superiors at Fort William in Calcutta, and examines the wider implications of that relationship for Indian society.The book brings to the fore the manner in which the Company’s roots in India were established despite its limited military resources and lack of governmental experience. It underlines how the early colonial polity was shaped by European administrators’ attitudes towards personal and corporate reputation, financial gain, and military governance. A thoughtful intervention in understanding the impact of the Company’s government on Indian society, this volume will be of interest to researchers working within South Asian studies, British studies, administrative history, military history, and the history of colonialism.

This book looks at how the fledgling British East India Company state of the 1760s developed into the mature Anglo-Indian empire of the 19th century. It investigates the bureaucratic culture of early Company administrators, primarily at the district level, and the influence of that culture on the nature and scope of colonial government in India. Drawing on a host of archival material and secondary sources, James Lees details the power relationship between local officials and their superiors at Fort William in Calcutta, and examines the wider implications of that relationship for Indian society.The book brings to the fore the manner in which the Company’s roots in India were established despite its limited military resources and lack of governmental experience. It underlines how the early colonial polity was shaped by European administrators’ attitudes towards personal and corporate reputation, financial gain, and military governance. A thoughtful intervention in understanding the impact of the Company’s government on Indian society, this volume will be of interest to researchers working within South Asian studies, British studies, administrative history, military history, and the history of colonialism.

The worrying fact of a genuine Qaballa in English was first put to the occult reading public in 1979, in the Editorial of the final issue of Ray Sherwin's periodical The New Equinox. The "order & value of the English Alphabet," predicted in Liber AL vel Legis, had been obtained in the English Midlands by a magickian named James Lees in November 1976, and with the members of his occult group he had researched, experimented, and proved the new system to the point where the first conclusions and propositions could be shared. Lees took over the publication of The New Equinox with the subtitle "British Journal of Magick" and published several articles about the English Qaballa in 1980-81, in five issues. In the 1980's occultism was a basis for an undercover kind of lifestyle without fashionable accessories, a far cry from the present climate of academic indulgence and establishment-led tolerance, and only just emerging from the shadow cast by the Golden Dawn and the "Great Revival" to formulate new answers to the old questions. English Qaballa has not only withstood the tests of Time, but expanded from the first hypotheses into a complete coherent and harmonious initiatory system of alpha-numeric symbol correspondences, a viable alternative to the non-English systems which have dominated occult publication for decades. The reproduction of its advent and early development should therefore be of interest to a new generation of enquiring minds as well as to those who may be renewing an old familiarity.