Jean-Claude Passeron

I Sverige har högre utbildning aldrig varit mer lättillgänglig än i dag. Runt hälften av alla gymnasister går vidare till högskola och universitet. Men de ursprungliga förhoppningarna om ökad social rörlighet och utjämnade klasskillnader har inte uppfyllts. Rekryteringen är fortfarande tydligt klassbetingad och därtill skiktad. Studenter från arbetarklass och lägre medelklass söker sig i första hand till kortare och yrkesinriktade program vid de nya universiteten och de regionala högskolorna. Studenter från den övre medelklassen söker sig i högre grad till mer prestigefulla utbildningar vid de mer prestigefyllda lärosätena. I Reproduktionen. Bidrag till en teori om utbildningssystemet visar Pierre Bourdieu och Jean-Claude Passeron varför skolsystemet och den högre utbildningen reproducerar ojämlikhet och sociala hierarkier och hur det sker. Utifrån ett stort empiriskt material formulerar de en allmän teori om utbildning och fostran och i förlängningen en kraftfull teori om klassamhällets och kulturens reproduktion. Reproduktionen är Bourdieus centrala arbete vad gäller utbildningens roll i samhället. I ett klargörande förord presenterar Donald Broady bakgrunden till och mottagandet av denna klassiker som sedan den gavs ut 1970 blivit en av de mest inflytelserika och mest citerade sociologiska texterna. Här föreligger den för första gången på svenska.

EN KLASSIKER INDEN FOR PÆDAGOGISK FORSKNING Siden 1960’erne er optaget på de højere uddannelser vokset eksplosivt i Danmark og i resten af den vestlige verden. Håbet og forventningen om, at en sådan udvikling ville øge den sociale mobilitet og på sigt bidrage til at udjævne klasseskellene i samfundet, har imidlertid vist sig ikke at blive opfyldt. Mange flere end før får en uddannelse, men der er gået inflation i værdien af titler og grader, så uligheden har blot forskudt sig opad. I Reproduktionen. Bidrag til en teori om undervisningssystemet giver Pierre Bourdieu og Jean-Claude Passeron på baggrund af en analyse af det franske uddannelsessystem en teoretisk fremstilling af, hvordan og hvorfor uddannelsessystemet i stedet for at mindske uligheden i samfundet medvirker til at reproducere den. Bogen er en af sociologiens hyppigst citerede tekster og har, siden den udkom på fransk i 1970, inspireret mange forskere og studerende inden for det pædagogiske, samfundsvidenskabelige og kulturpsykologiske område. Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002) var filosof, antropolog og sociolog. Som forskningsleder på École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales fra 1964 og professor ved Collège de France fra 1981 gennemførte han en omfattende forskning i især uddannelse og kultur. Han var en meget produktiv forsker og skribent og en af de vigtigste intellektuelle stemmer i den franske og internationale debat. Flere af hans bøger er oversat til dansk. Jean-Claude Passeron (f. 1930) er ligesom Pierre Bourdieu uddannet i filosofi ved Ecole Normale Supérieure. Var Bourdieus samarbejdspartner inden for uddannelsessociologi i perioden 1958-68. Forfatter til adskillige artikler og bøger, heraf en del sammen med Bourdieu. Oversat fra fransk efter La reproduction af Peer F. Bundgård med dansk forord af Kim Esmark. Bogen udgives med støtte fra EU’s Kultur 2000-program.

The work of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu has emerged as one of the most substantial and innovative bodies of theory and research in contemporary social science. "Le metier de sociologue," both a textbook and an original contribution to epistemology in social science, focuses on a basic problem of sociological research: the necessity of an epistemological break with the preconstructed objects social practice offers to the researcher. Pierre Bourdieu and his co-authors argue in the epistemological tradition of scholars like Bachelard, Canguilhem, Koyre, a tradition that identifies the construction of the object as being the fundamental scientific act. Their way of discussing the issue makes it accessible not only to academics and experts of epistemology, but also to advanced students of social science, using for illustration a wide range of texts from the various social sciences as well as from philosophy of science. The fifth edition of "Le metier de sociologue" contains an interview with Pierre Bourdieu conducted by Beate Krais in 1988.

Education depends crucially on language: knowledge and skills are taught through a process of linguistic exchange. But how much of the language used by teachers and professors is actually understood by students? To what extent does the social background of students affect their capacity to understand the language used in the classroom or the lecture hall? Why do students and teachers overestimate the success of the educational process and underestimate the degree of misunderstanding involved? In this important work Pierre Bourdieu and his associates explore these and other questions through a careful study of the role of language and linguistic misunderstanding in the teaching contexts of higher education.

Education depends crucially on language: knowledge and skills are taught largely through a process of linguistic exchange. But how much of the language used by teachers and professors is actually understood by students? To what extent does the social background of students affect their capacity to understand the language used in the classroom or the lecture hall? Why do students and teachers over-estimate the success of the educational process and under-estimate the degree of misunderstanding involved? In this important work Pierre Bourdieu and his associates explore these and other questions through a careful study of the role of language and linguistic misunderstanding in the teaching contexts of higher education. They study the extent to which university students actually understand the academic discourse they hear in lectures, as well as the factors that influence the ways in which students' essays are assessed. They also examine the extent to which the mastery and the misunderstanding of academic discourse depends on the social background of the individuals concerned. Drawing on empirical research and developing a distinctive theoretical perspective, Bourdieu and his associates argue that academic discourse is a medium of communication that both expresses and reproduces a relation of pedagogical power and respect. Academic Discourse is an important part of the work of Bourdieu and his associates on culture and education and is complementary to some of their most well-known books, such as Reproduction, The Inheritors and Homo Academicus. This translation will be welcomed not only by scholars interested in the development of Bourdieu's work, but also by students of sociology, education and applied linguistics and by teachers and others concerned with the role of language and power in the process of education.

The work of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu has emerged, over the last two decades, as one of the most substantial and innovative bodies of theory and research in contemporary social science. The Craft of Sociology, both a textbook and an original contribution to epistemology in social science, focuses on a basic problem of sociological research: the necessity of an epistemological break with the preconstructed objects social practice offers to the researcher. Pierre Bourdieu and his co-authors argue in the epistemological tradition of scholars like Bachelard, Canguilhem, Koyre, a tradition that identifies the construction of the object as being the fundamental scientific act. Their way of discussing the issue makes it accessible not only to academics and experts of epistemology, but also to advanced students of social science, using for illustration a wide range of texts from the various social sciences as well as from philosophy of science. The book includes an interview with Pierre Bourdieu and an introduction by the editor to his sociological methodology.

The way in which the ruling ideas of a social system are related to structures of class, production and power, and how these are legitimated and perpetuated, is fundamental to the sociological project. In this second edition of this classic text, which includes a new introduction by Pierre Bourdieu, the authors develop an analysis of education (in its broadest sense, encompassing more than the process of formal education). They show how education carries an essentially arbitrary cultural scheme which is actually, though not in appearance, based on power. More widely, the reproduction of culture through education is shown to play a key part in the reproduction of the whole social system. The analysis is carried through not only in theoretical terms but through the development of empirically testable propositions within the wider framework of the historical transformation of the educational system.