Jens Hannibal

Søvn er en praktisk vejledning til alment praktiserende læger til anamnese og udredning af patienter med søvnproblemer. Desuden beskrives den normale søvn og betydningen af eksempelvis alder og køn for det normale søvnmønster. Herefter gennemgåes de mest almindelige årsager til søvnproblemer, fx insomni, parasomni, respirationssygdomme og døgnrytmeforstyrrelser. Bogen indeholder desuden kapitler om lægemidlers indflydelse på søvnen samt om hypnotika.

Rhythmic changes in physiology and behaviour within a 24 h period occur in living organisms on earth to meet the challenges associated with the daily changes in the external environment. The circadian pacemaker responsible for the temporal internal organisation and the generation of endogenous rhythms of approximately 24 h is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammals. The endogenous period generated by the pacemaker is close to, but generally not equal to 24 h and the biological clock therefore needs to be daily adjusted (entrained) by external cues. The daily alteration of light and darkness due to the rotation of our planet on its own axis in relation to the sun is the most prominent "zeitgeber" which adjusts the phase of the circadian rhythms to the astronomical day length, a process known as photoentrainment. In mammals, light is perceived only through photoreceptors located in the retina. Light information is mediated to the SCN via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) by activation of the classical photoreceptor system of rods and cones and a more recently identified system of intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) using melanopsin as a photopigment.