Jian Zhang

This breakthrough book investigates the significant link between physical activity and mental health in an age dominated by screens and sedentary lives. While technology provides convenience, excessive use raises issues about mental, cognitive, and physical health. According to research, regular physical activity improves neuroplasticity, memory, focus, and problem-solving, moving an essential tool for maintaining brain health. This book delvesinto the Processing Inner Strength Towards Actualization (PISTA) method, a transforming strategy that blends brainwave stimulation with specific sports such as ping pong, skiing, boxing, and running. It uses real-life examples to demonstrate how these sports promote resilience, discipline, and cognitive growth by engaging decision-making, spatial awareness, and focus. Whether you're an athlete, a coach, or someone looking for more mental clarity, this book will provide the tools you need to harness the power of movement. Take the first step toward a healthy mind and body.

Mathematical logic is an important basis for mathematics, computer science and artificial intelligence alike. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to various logics, including classical propositional logic and first-order predicate logic, as well as equational logic, temporal logic, and Hoare logic. In addition, it presents proof procedures for classical logics and decision procedures for checking the satisfiability of logical formulas. The book assumes no background in logic. It presents logics as practical tools for solving various problems in artificial intelligence and formal verification. Accordingly, it is well suited for (junior and senior) undergraduate and graduate students majoring in computer science or mathematics. Each chapter includes roughly a dozen exercise problems, so as to help the reader understand the concepts and techniques discussed.

This book provides a comprehensive discussion of Adaptable Design (AD). It covers the conception, method, and application of AD to the real-world product design. AD's benefits are substantial as it upgrades, reuses, remanufactures and recycles products throughout the product lifecycle. It rapidly adapts the existing design in development of new designs. Key elements of AD include rationalized function structures, adaptable product architectures, adaptable interfaces, and adaptability evaluations. The main feature of AD is adaptability in design methods and product applications with general and specific adaptability. AD has also modeling and evaluating adaptabilities.

This book provides a description of material characterization and mechanisms of secondary batteries during discharge, cycle, and storage process. It also proposes a new intercalation/de-intercalation theory and presents the mechanism of ionic conduction. In addition, through the comparative study of variation laws of battery performance and of fine structure and microstructure parameters, the mechanism of cycle and storage processes and battery performance decay are investigated. Given its scope, the book appeals to a broad readership, particularly professionals at universities and scientific research institutes.

This book provides a comprehensive discussion of Adaptable Design (AD). It covers the conception, method, and application of AD to the real-world product design. AD's benefits are substantial as it upgrades, reuses, remanufactures and recycles products throughout the product lifecycle. It rapidly adapts the existing design in development of new designs. Key elements of AD include rationalized function structures, adaptable product architectures, adaptable interfaces, and adaptability evaluations. The main feature of AD is adaptability in design methods and product applications with general and specific adaptability. AD has also modeling and evaluating adaptabilities.

This book provides a description of material characterization and mechanisms of secondary batteries during discharge, cycle, and storage process. It also proposes a new intercalation/de-intercalation theory and presents the mechanism of ionic conduction. In addition, through the comparative study of variation laws of battery performance and of fine structure and microstructure parameters, the mechanism of cycle and storage processes and battery performance decay are investigated. Given its scope, the book appeals to a broad readership, particularly professionals at universities and scientific research institutes.

This book is part of an initiative in cooperation with renowned Chinese publishers to make fundamental, formative, and influential Chinese thinkers available to a western readership, providing absorbing insights into Chinese reflections of late, and offering a chance to grasp todays China. In their influential book Handbook of the History of Religions in China, Zhongjian Mou and Jian Zhang present a panorama of the religions existing in China through time. In their fascinating History, they delineate the emergence and development of Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, and Christianity and explore the roles they played in Chinese society and the interrelations between them. In China, also due to the encompassing Confucian idea of living together harmoniously while maintaining differences, religions -- including newly arrived ones -- came closer together than anywhere else in the world and reached a unique level of peaceful societal coexistence. Despite many frictions and conflicts, communication and reconciliation were indisputably predominant in China throughout history. Buddhism was peacefully introduced into China and, later on, a harmonious, symbiotic syncretism of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism developed -- an exemplary process of how a diverse set of different religions can complement each other and contribute to a better life.

Reservoir simulation has been in practice for more than 50 years, but it has recently gained significant momentum because of its wider application to the increasingly complex reservoir systems of today. Reservoir Simulation: Problems and Solutions provides petroleum engineers with extensive practice in the art of problem solving, strengthening their critical-thinking solution strategies and preparing them for the unique problems they will encounter in this dynamic field. Built on the fundamental concepts and solutions of the original exercises found in Basic Applied Reservoir Simulation (Turgay Ertekin, Jamal H. Abou-Kassem, and Gregory R. King), this new book provides an additional 180 exercises and solutions that fully illustrate the intricacies of reservoir-simulation methodology.Turgay Ertekin is Professor Emeritus of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University, where he has been a member of the faculty for more than 40 years.Qian Sun is a research engineer at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. His research focuses mainly on numerical reservoir simulation and artificial-intelligence applications in reservoir Engineering.Jian Zhang is a PhD graduate at Penn State. His research focuses on rate- and pressure-transient analysis, numerical reservoir simulation, artificial neural networks and neuro-simulation.

Over the past two decades, extensive research has been conducted on the application of fiber-optic sensors (FOSs) in structural health monitoring (SHM). In Volume 1 of this book a long-gauge sensing technique for incorporating a proposed areawise sensing, developed by the authors, was introduced. High precision and good durability of the long-gauge sensors were also demonstrated via technical improvements that further enable the applications of optical fiber sensors and carbon fiber sensors. In Volume 2, based on the merits of the long-gauge sensors, the methods that have been developed for processing areawise distributed monitoring data for structural identification are introduced. A discussion follows on how those methods are capable of performing a rich recognition of local and global structural parameters including structural deflections, dynamic characteristics, damages, and loads. Also presented is a three-level method of structural performance evaluation that utilizes monitoring data and identified results.

Over the past two decades, extensive research has been conducted on the application of fiber-optic sensors (FOSs) in structural health monitoring (SHM). In Volume 1 of this book a long-gauge sensing technique for incorporating a proposed areawise sensing, developed by the authors, was introduced. High precision and good durability of the long-gauge sensors were also demonstrated via technical improvements that further enable the applications of optical fiber sensors and carbon fiber sensors. In Volume 2, based on the merits of the long-gauge sensors, the methods that have been developed for processing areawise distributed monitoring data for structural identification are introduced. A discussion follows on how those methods are capable of performing a rich recognition of local and global structural parameters including structural deflections, dynamic characteristics, damages, and loads. Also presented is a three-level method of structural performance evaluation that utilizes monitoring data and identified results.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) can be characterized as the integration of sensing and intelligence to enable the potential damage to be monitored, analyzed, localized, and predicted in real time and in a nondestructive manner. Over the past two decades, extensive research has demonstrated that fiber-optic sensors (FOSs) are well suited for SHM sensing requirements in infrastructure systems. In this book, a brief overview of SHM and the application of FOS are presented. The book focuses on advanced techniques that utilize fiber-optic long-gauge sensing and overcome the limitations of traditional sensing and fulfill the requirements of infrastructure systems. The long-gauge FOSs have the merit of revealing both micro- and macrolevel information. Subsequently, a new approach, areawise distributed monitoring, is thoroughly discussed and its superior performance in SHM demonstrated. Finally, the application of areawise distributed monitoring, combined with the aforementioned long-gauge sensing technique, is presented for groups and networks of complex infrastructure systems.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) can be characterized as the integration of sensing and intelligence to enable the potential damage to be monitored, analyzed, localized, and predicted in real time and in a nondestructive manner. Over the past two decades, extensive research has demonstrated that fiber-optic sensors (FOSs) are well suited for SHM sensing requirements in infrastructure systems. In this book, a brief overview of SHM and the application of FOS are presented. The book focuses on advanced techniques that utilize fiber-optic long-gauge sensing and overcome the limitations of traditional sensing and fulfill the requirements of infrastructure systems. The long-gauge FOSs have the merit of revealing both micro- and macrolevel information. Subsequently, a new approach, areawise distributed monitoring, is thoroughly discussed and its superior performance in SHM demonstrated. Finally, the application of areawise distributed monitoring, combined with the aforementioned long-gauge sensing technique, is presented for groups and networks of complex infrastructure systems.

This book introduces several observer-based methods, including:• the sliding-mode observer• the adaptive observer• the unknown-input observer and• the descriptor observer methodfor the problem of fault detection, isolation and estimation, allowing readers to compare and contrast the different approaches. The authors present basic material on Lyapunov stability theory, H¥ control theory, sliding-mode control theory and linear matrix inequality problems in a self-contained and step-by-step manner. Detailed and rigorous mathematical proofs are provided for all the results developed in the text so that readers can quickly gain a good understanding of the material. MATLAB® and Simulink® codes for all the examples, which can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com, enable students to follow the methods and illustrative examples easily. The systems used in the examples make the book highly relevant to real-world problems in industrial control engineering and include a seventh-order aircraft model, a single-link flexible joint robot arm and a satellite controller. To help readers quickly find the information they need and to improve readability, the individual chapters are written so as to be semi-independent of each other.Robust Oberserver-Based Fault Diagnosis for Nonlinear Systems Using MATLAB® is of interest to process, aerospace, robotics and control engineers, engineering students and researchers with a control engineering background.

The book focuses on low-carbon issues and China’s economy, which is analyzed from the perspective of electricity economics. It proposes the novel concept of an “economic gene” to reflect certain characteristics of the economy. The gene mapping of China’s economy has been studied based on production functions with electricity. Economic mutations have also been studied with the aim of diagnosing problems in the economy. Two such mutations have occurred in China since 1978, the most recent being in 2012 and no further mutation is expected until 2025. The book describes the inherent quality of China’s economy from 2012 to 2025, and how mechanism reforms would greatly improve marginal representative factor productivity in this period. The agents response equilibrium (ARE) approach to simulate national economy, based on multi-agent technology is proposed. Another cornerstone of the model is the input-output table. Simulated input-output tables from 2011 to 2025 are provided in the book.This book provides recommendations for policy makers and advisors, and is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of economics, public policies, low-carbon development, electricity and energy. It also provides insights into China’s economic development.

This book introduces several observer-based methods, including:• the sliding-mode observer• the adaptive observer• the unknown-input observer and• the descriptor observer methodfor the problem of fault detection, isolation and estimation, allowing readers to compare and contrast the different approaches. The authors present basic material on Lyapunov stability theory, H¥ control theory, sliding-mode control theory and linear matrix inequality problems in a self-contained and step-by-step manner. Detailed and rigorous mathematical proofs are provided for all the results developed in the text so that readers can quickly gain a good understanding of the material. MATLAB® and Simulink® codes for all the examples, which can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com, enable students to follow the methods and illustrative examples easily. The systems used in the examples make the book highly relevant to real-world problems in industrial control engineering and include a seventh-order aircraft model, a single-link flexible joint robot arm and a satellite controller. To help readers quickly find the information they need and to improve readability, the individual chapters are written so as to be semi-independent of each other.Robust Oberserver-Based Fault Diagnosis for Nonlinear Systems Using MATLAB® is of interest to process, aerospace, robotics and control engineers, engineering students and researchers with a control engineering background.

The book focuses on low-carbon issues and China’s economy, which is analyzed from the perspective of electricity economics. It proposes the novel concept of an “economic gene” to reflect certain characteristics of the economy. The gene mapping of China’s economy has been studied based on production functions with electricity. Economic mutations have also been studied with the aim of diagnosing problems in the economy. Two such mutations have occurred in China since 1978, the most recent being in 2012 and no further mutation is expected until 2025. The book describes the inherent quality of China’s economy from 2012 to 2025, and how mechanism reforms would greatly improve marginal representative factor productivity in this period. The agents response equilibrium (ARE) approach to simulate national economy, based on multi-agent technology is proposed. Another cornerstone of the model is the input-output table. Simulated input-output tables from 2011 to 2025 are provided in the book.This book provides recommendations for policy makers and advisors, and is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of economics, public policies, low-carbon development, electricity and energy. It also provides insights into China’s economic development.

This book reviews the state-of-the-art in combinatorial testing, with particular emphasis on the automatic generation of test data. It describes the most commonly used approaches in this area - including algebraic construction, greedy methods, evolutionary computation, constraint solving and optimization - and explains major algorithms with examples. In addition, the book lists a number of test generation tools, as well as benchmarks and applications. Addressing a multidisciplinary topic, it will be of particular interest to researchers and professionals in the areas of software testing, combinatorics, constraint solving and evolutionary computation.

Revision with unchanged content. The World Wide Web has become one of the hottest topics in social science. Scholars and professionals from various fields have put tremendous efforts into studying the World Wide Web. However, the dynamic environment of the World Wide Web challenges traditional research methods, which have proven valuable in studying traditional media. One of the methods is content analysis. How did the dynamic features of Web sites affect the studies using content analysis? What is the status quo of content analysis after 2000? What are the challenges, either the "old" ones identified by former research or the "new" ones emerging in the WWW era? What are the potentially valid solutions to those challenges? This book examines those issues by conducting a thematic meta-analysis on how researchers apply the content analysis method to the World Wide Web between 2000 and 2004. Each step was examined in studies using content analysis to analyze the WWW during this period. Problems and solutions were identified. Suggestions of improving these solutions are proposed. The book is addressed to scholars and professional in Mass Communications, Journalism. It is also directed towards scholars in Information Science and Technology.