Kaladhar Reddy Aileni

Avant d'entreprendre un traitement orthodontique, le patient et l'orthodontiste doivent r fl chir aux risques et aux avantages du traitement propos . La plupart des effets ind sirables d'un traitement orthodontique peuvent tre facilement vit s en prenant certaines pr cautions pendant le traitement. L'attitude du patient est galement un facteur important pour garantir la pr visibilit et la r ussite du traitement. L'orthodontiste doit conseiller le patient, d terminer ses attentes et valuer si elles sont r alistes. Certains patients, en particulier ceux qui envisagent une intervention chirurgicale, peuvent s'attendre un changement radical dans leur vie personnelle ou la restauration d'un mariage qui bat de l'aile; ce sont des cas haut risque traiter en raison des attentes excessives que suscite le traitement propos . Ces cas doivent tre reconnus d s le d part et les limites doivent leur tre expliqu es. Gr ce une s lection, un diagnostic, une planification du traitement, un suivi, une intervention opportune et une bonne coop ration du patient, nous pouvons garantir que la majorit des patients orthodontiques b n ficient d'une am lioration de l'esth tique faciale et dentaire ainsi que de la fonction, sans aucun effet secondaire ind sirable la fin du traitement.

Antes de proceder a um tratamento ortod ntico, tanto o doente como o ortodontista devem refletir sobre os riscos e os benef cios do tratamento proposto. A maioria dos efeitos adversos do tratamento ortod ntico pode ser facilmente evitada se forem tomadas certas precau es durante o tratamento. A atitude do paciente tamb m um fator importante para garantir resultados previs veis e bem-sucedidos do tratamento. O ortodontista deve aconselhar o paciente, verificar as suas expectativas e avaliar se s o realistas. Alguns pacientes, particularmente aqueles que contemplam a cirurgia, podem esperar uma mudan a radical em sua vida pessoal ou ter expectativas de restaurar um casamento falido e s o casos de alta responsabilidade para tratar por causa da expetativa excessiva do tratamento proposto. Estes devem ser reconhecidos desde o in cio e as limita es devem ser-lhes explicadas. Com uma sele o cuidadosa, diagn stico, planeamento do tratamento, monitoriza o, interven o atempada e boa coopera o do paciente, podemos assegurar que a maioria dos pacientes ortod nticos beneficia de uma melhoria da est tica facial e dent ria, bem como da fun o, sem quaisquer efeitos secund rios indesejados no final do tratamento.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA) is a common chronic disorder that is characterized by repetitive partial or complete cessation of air flow, associated with oxyhemoglobin desaturation and increased effort to breath, poor sleep, daytime sleepiness, mood disturbances, and stress. Individuals with narrow airways and/or craniofacial anomalies may have increased risk of OSA. It is classified as central, obstructive & mixed types. Skeletal features include retrognathic mandible, narrow mandibular arch, maxillary and mandibular arch retrognathism, hyoid bone position etc., . Diagnosis of snoring and sleep apnea requires various modalities such as acoustic reflection, fluoroscopy, nasopharyngoscopy, cephalometry and computed tomography. Based on diagnosis OSA can be managed by behavior modifications, medications, positive airway pressure therapy, oral appliances like mandibular anterior positioners, tongue retaining devices, soft palate uvula lifting devices and surgical interventions. This book gives an insight into the Obstructive sleep apnea, diagnosis and management in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Orthognathic Surgery is considered for the treatment of Dentofacial deformities for more than 100 years. "Treating skeletal deformities is really surgical work, with the earlier involvement of orthodontist in the surgical cases, better will be the treatment outcome." Although much has changed in the field of orthognathic surgery since the early 1900s the role of an orthodontist in achieving an ideal result remains integral. This book emphasizes on role of orthodontist in orthognathic surgery which can be divided into several phases: the initial evaluation, presurgical orthodontics, surgical planning, and postsurgical orthodontics. Also addresses Surgery First Orthognathic Approach (SFOA), 3-Dimensional Imaging and Computer-Assisted Surgical Planning being the most recent advances.

Retention period is the most important phase of orthodontic treatment. The problem of "retention and relapse" is likely to continue to tense the Orthodontist because of the complexities of the etiological factors and one has to be thorough with all the implicating concepts. The choice of the type of retention, duration of retention, has a great bearing on successful post retention cases. Any violation of the biologic limit, which trespasses the low of optimality, will end in miserable failure.