Karen Schwindt

In this report, the authors use 11 case studies to create a typology of the barriers that impede U.S. security cooperation with highly capable allies and partners; identify some of the more specific barriers in the air, space, and cyber domains; suggest mitigation strategies for each of these barriers; and propose a preliminary approach for implementing some of these mitigation strategies.

This report presents an examination of how cyber-related risks compare with other risks to defense-industrial supply chains, including how attackers might use supply chains to wage attacks, such as through malicious code, and how supply chains might, themselves, be targets of attack, such as through disruption. It also explores the implications of the differences in risks for directions in risk assessment and mitigation and for research.

A priority of the United States Space Force (USSF) is to improve vertical and horizontal integration and synchronization of space capabilities. To assist with this priority, the authors of this research defined existing challenges and recommended ways that USSF can facilitate the integration and synchronization of space acquisition and fielding to support the timely delivery of end-to-end space capabilities to the joint force.

Section 1652 of the fiscal year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act tasks the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to perform a zero-based review (ZBR)--a detailed review rather than a simple comparison with previous size or budget--of its cybersecurity and information technology workforces. The ZBR process described in this report constitutes a transparent, repeatable process with which DoD can conduct ZBRs across the DoD cyber enterprise.

Relations between China and Israel have expanded rapidly since the early 2000s in numerous areas, including diplomacy, trade, investment, construction, educational partnerships, scientific cooperation, and tourism. The authors examine the extent and nature of Chinese investments in Israeli technology and infrastructure and discuss the security implications these pose for Israel and the United States.

The authors of this report examine cases from Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea to understand whether and how states use cyber operations to coerce other states or actors, and highlight the challenges of identifying cyber coercion. They also propose ways to develop a deeper understanding of cyber coercion and how to counter it.