Khaled Ahmed

MicroLEDs Devices and Systems introduces a theoretical framework, validated by experiments, in the form of a number of white-box analytic or semi-analytic mathematical models that are based on physics. It aims to assist in the design and manufacture of the best MicroLED devices for various applications, such as mobile displays, TV displays, augmented reality, and data communication systems. This resource demonstrates the importance of MicroLEDs in addressing power consumption in mobile displays, brightness in TV displays, augmented reality, and parallel optical interconnect in data centers and artificial intelligence computer systems. With the mobile display industry's revenue exceeding $50 billion in 2020 and projected to be a significant portion of the display market by 2026, the importance of MicroLED technology is highlighted in this resource. It provides models for display systems and data communication systems to help system engineers understand and assess the gaps between commercially available MicroLEDs versus what is needed for a specific system. Furthermore, the book addresses the emerging role of MicroLEDs in data communication, highlighting their potential to improve energy consumption, data rate, latency, and cost in semiconductor chip communication. This book is intended for engineers who desire to begin with physics-based intuition to design MicroLED-based systems within 80% accuracy, then follow with running experiments and more sophisticated models to capture the top 20% of design accuracy. This 80-20 approach is proven to work in many fields including the semiconductor industry.

The book is an account of how the Shia-Sunni conflict was relocated from the Middle East to Pakistan after the rise of Revolutionary Iran in 1979, through the mediating agency of the rulers in Pakistan and the proliferation of the religious seminaries funded by Saudi Arabia. It examines the death of General Zia in the context of the sectarian conflict, goes into the process of production of apostatising fatwas in Pakistan followed by violent action by organizations formed from the non-state actors used by the state for its covert wars. It also delves into the state of the Shia communities in the Middle East and their historical connections with South Asia. It examines the rise of Shia culture in Lucknow and its formative influence on the rise of the Shia in Iraq, with a parallel scrutiny of the rise of Wahhabism and its infiltration of India in the eighteenth century. It records the origins and history of organisations doing sectarian terrorism in Pakistan and their linkages to Al Qaeda whose trajectory into a sectarian identity is also traced to the rise of Al Zarqawi as a parallel leader in Iraq. The book facilitates an understanding of the phenomenon of terrorism in Pakistan today.

This comprehensive reference guides the reader through all HVDC technologies, including LCC (Line Commutated Converter), 2-level VSC and VSC HVDC based on modular multilevel converters (MMC) for an in-depth understanding of converters, system level design, operating principles and modeling. Written in a tutorial style, the book also describes the key principles of design, control, protection and operation of DC transmission grids, which will be substantially different from the practice with AC transmission grids. The first dedicated reference to the latest HVDC technologies and DC grid developments; this is an essential resource for graduate students and researchers as well as engineers and professionals working on the design, modeling and operation of DC grids and HVDC. Key features: Provides comprehensive coverage of LCC, VSC and (half and full bridge) MMC-based VSC technologies and DC transmission grids.Presents phasor and dynamic analytical models for each HVDC technology and DC grids.Includes HVDC protection, studies of DC and AC faults, as well as system-level studies of AC-DC interactions and impact on AC grids for each HVDC technology.Companion website hosts SIMULINK SimPowerSystems models with examples for all HVDC topologies.