Malcolm Evans

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Micro-organisms play a major role in the geochemistry of the planet, forming the basic stage in the food chain, and thus sustaining the existence of higher evolutionary life. The continuing interaction between these living organisms and the environment, combined with their exploitation by man are shaping the material world today.Over the last few years our understanding has increased considerably due to the development of new technology and the emergence of new paradigms which have enabled the microbiologist to view the microbial world, and its significance to life, with new eyes. Combining the basics of science with the most up-to-date new material, and incorporating high quality photographs and graphics, this book is valuable as both a textbook and reference guide for students and professionals.

The Optional Protocol to the UN Convention Against Torture (OPCAT) establishes an independent international monitoring committee (SPT) which itself will visit states and places where persons are deprived of their liberty. It also requires states to set up independent national bodies to visit places of detention. This book, drawing upon events held and interviews with governments, civil society, members of UN treaty bodies, national visiting bodies and others, identifies key factors that have shaped the operation of these visiting bodies since OPCAT came into force in 2006. It looks in detail at the background to the adoption of the Protocol, as well as how the international committee, the SPT, has carried out its mandate in its first few years. It examines the range of places of detention that could be visited by these bodies, and the expectations placed on the national visiting bodies themselves. The book also places the OPCAT within the broader system of torture prevention in the UN and elsewhere and identifies a range of trends arising from the different geographical regions. As well as providing an insight into its work, this detailed examination of OPCAT also provides valuable lessons for other new human rights treaties such as the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Convention on Enforced Disappearances, which have similar provisions concerning national mechanisms.

Der Ausschuss zur Verhütung von Folter und unmenschlicher oder erniedrigender Behandlung oder Strafe ist einer der einflussreichsten Ausschüsse des Europarates. Seit seiner Einsetzung im Jahre 1989 besuchen Spezialisten des Ausschusses Haftorte einschließlich Polizeistationen, Justizvollzugsanstalten und psychiatrische Krankenhäuser in ganz Europa zur Überprüfung der Behandlung der Häftlinge sowie der Haftbedingungen. Das Buch bietet einen beeindruckenden Einblick in die in der Öffentlichkeit bislang wenig bekannte Arbeit des Ausschusses sowie eine aktuelle Zusammenstellung der von ihm entwickelten Standards. Es wendet sich insbesondere an Mitarbeiter von NGO's, Juristen und Beamte (Polizeibeamte, Strafvollzugsbeamte, Einwanderungsbehörden, psychiatrische Krankenhäuser).

Fourteen years since its establishment,the work of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights has not received the attention that should have been paid to its important contributions towards the promotion and protection of human rights in Africa. The aim of this publication is to provide not only the basic documents, but also the less well known material related to the jurisprudence emanating from the consideration of communications. This volume therefore includes, amongst other material, the twelve activity reports adopted by the Commission, resolutions, and final communiques from the sessions. This is the first attempt to reproduce comprehensively the many documents of the Commission adopted since its inception in 1987. It will be an essential reference for academics, students, and practitioners. The publication is produced in collaboration with the African Society for International and Comparative Law, the Centre for Human Rights at the University of Pretoria and Interights in London.

Micro-organisms play a major role in the geochemistry of the planet, forming the basic stage in the food chain, and thus sustaining the existence of higher evolutionary life. The continuing interaction between these living organisms and the environment, combined with their exploitation by man are shaping the material world today.Over the last few years our understanding has increased considerably due to the development of new technology and the emergence of new paradigms which have enabled the microbiologist to view the microbial world, and its significance to life, with new eyes. Combining the basics of science with the most up-to-date new material, and incorporating high quality photographs and graphics, this book is valuable as both a textbook and reference guide for students and professionals.

This collection of essays by leading international lawyers is aimed at providing informed analysis of the growing spectrum of remedies available in international fora for breaches of international law. Prime among the institutions active in offering remedies for such breaches is the International Court of Justice,and the volume contains reflections by two of its members, Judge Higgins and Judge Koroma. But the ICJ is no longer alone in offering a forum for the granting of remedies; amidst the proliferation of international bodies, the European Court of Justice, the World Trade Organisation and the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea are active. Several of the most interesting contributions to this volume deal with these institutions and their current work. In addition there are important new essays on mediation in international law, diplomatic settlement and arbitration.