Mark Hvizda

The authors of this report examine what happened in the crucial 1863 Battle of Gettysburg and create an alternative history by examining what could have happened if a few key technologies that were available for military use had been used in this battle. Would the outcome have been different if the Union and Confederate armies had deployed these technologies?

Because of the increasing militarization of Russian foreign policy since 2008, it is important to understand the formal authorities and responsibilities of the Russian General Staff as well as its capacity to influence Russia's national security decisionmaking process. In this report, the authors develop a foundational text for policymakers and warfighters to improve collective understanding of this institution.

The authors document the history of the Third Offset, a U.S. strategy that focused on the potential of technology to offset Chinese and Russian military advances and that shaped the 2018 National Defense Strategy. The authors describe efforts to effect change within the U.S. Department of Defense and interview key defense leaders who did so, providing an example of how to bring about organizational change in large military institutions.