Mohammed Ismail

This book presents techniques necessary to predict cardiac arrhythmias, long before they occur, based on minimal ECG data. The authors describe the key information needed for automated ECG signal processing, including ECG signal pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. The adaptive and novel ECG processing techniques introduced in this book are highly effective and suitable for real-time implementation on ASICs.

A livello globale, ogni anno vengono raccolti pi di 368 chilometri cubi di acque reflue. Solo 160 chilometri cubi vengono trattati prima dello smaltimento nell'ambiente naturale, mentre 7,1 chilometri cubi vengono riutilizzati. Fino al 2015, la capacit mondiale di riutilizzo delle acque reflue trattate raggiunger i 20 chilometri cubi all'anno. A causa della riluttanza dei consumatori e delle importanti esigenze legate a determinate attivit , l'acqua risultante dagli impianti di trattamento viene generalmente utilizzata dalle industrie e per l'agricoltura e la cura del paesaggio. Nei Paesi in via di sviluppo e in quelli sviluppati, la rapida urbanizzazione e la conseguente crescente domanda di acqua potabile e industriale rendono necessari progetti costosi e su larga scala. La carenza di acqua dolce costituisce un grave problema nella regione mediterranea e in particolare nelle aree aride e semi-aride del sud e del Medio Oriente, e sta dando origine a seri problemi paralleli di effluenti. Questi problemi vengono trattati con maggiore o minore successo a seconda della capacit di sviluppare strategie di trattamento delle acque reflue efficaci, razionali ed economiche.

A n vel mundial, s o recolhidos anualmente mais de 368 quil metros c bicos de guas residuais. Apenas 160 quil metros c bicos s o tratados antes de serem eliminados no ambiente natural e 7,1 quil metros c bicos s o reutilizados. At 2015, a capacidade mundial de reutiliza o de guas residuais tratadas atingir 20 quil metros c bicos por ano. Devido falta de vontade dos consumidores e a necessidades importantes relacionadas com determinadas actividades, a gua resultante das esta es de tratamento geralmente utilizada pelas ind strias e para a agricultura e paisagismo. Nos pa ses em vias de desenvolvimento e nos pa ses desenvolvidos, a r pida urbaniza o e a consequente procura crescente de gua pot vel e industrial exigem projectos dispendiosos e de grande envergadura. A escassez de gua doce constitui um grave problema na regi o mediterr nica e, em particular, nas zonas ridas e semi- ridas do Sul e do M dio Oriente, e est a dar origem a graves problemas paralelos de efluentes. Estes problemas s o tratados com maior ou menor sucesso em fun o da capacidade de desenvolver estrat gias de tratamento de guas residuais eficazes, racionais e econ micas.

Dans le monde, plus de 368 kilom tres cubes d'eaux us es sont collect s chaque ann e. Seuls 160 kilom tres cubes sont trait s avant d' tre rejet s dans l'environnement naturel, et 7,1 kilom tres cubes sont r utilis s. D'ici 2015, la capacit mondiale de r utilisation des eaux us es trait es atteindra 20 kilom tres cubes par an. En raison de la mauvaise volont des consommateurs et des besoins importants li s certaines activit s, l'eau issue des stations d' puration est g n ralement utilis e par les industries et pour l'agriculture et l'am nagement paysager. Dans les pays d velopp s et en d veloppement, l'urbanisation rapide et la demande croissante en eau potable et industrielle qui en d coule n cessitent des projets co teux et de grande envergure. La p nurie d'eau douce constitue un grave probl me dans la r gion m diterran enne, en particulier dans les zones arides et semi-arides du sud et du Moyen-Orient, et donne lieu de s rieux probl mes parall les d'effluents. Ces probl mes sont trait s avec plus ou moins de succ s selon la capacit d velopper des strat gies de traitement des eaux us es efficaces, rationnelles et abordables.

Weltweit werden j hrlich mehr als 368 Kubikkilometer Abwasser gesammelt. Nur 160 Kubikkilometer werden vor der Entsorgung in der Natur behandelt und 7,1 Kubikkilometer werden wiederverwendet. Bis 2015 wird die weltweite Kapazit t f r die Wiederverwendung von behandeltem Abwasser 20 Kubikkilometer pro Jahr erreichen. Da die Verbraucher nicht bereit sind, das Wasser zu verwenden, und bestimmte Aktivit ten einen hohen Bedarf haben, wird das Wasser aus Kl ranlagen in der Regel von der Industrie sowie in der Landwirtschaft und im Landschaftsbau verwendet. In Entwicklungs- und Industriel ndern machen die schnelle Urbanisierung und der daraus resultierende steigende Bedarf an Trink- und Brauchwasser kostspielige Gro projekte erforderlich. Der Mangel an S wasser stellt ein schwerwiegendes Problem im Mittelmeerraum und insbesondere in den trockenen und halbtrockenen Gebieten im S den und im Nahen Osten dar und f hrt zu ernsthaften Problemen mit Abw ssern. Diese Probleme werden je nach F higkeit, effektive, rationale und erschwingliche Abwasserbehandlungsstrategien zu entwickeln, mehr oder weniger erfolgreich behandelt.

The increasing demand for high performance and energy efficiency in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Deep Learning (DL) accelerators has driven a wide range of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). In recent years, this field has started to deviate from the conventional digital implementation of machine learning-based (ML) accelerators; instead, researchers have started to investigate implementation in the analog domain. This is due to two main reasons: better performance and lower power consumption. Analog processing has become more efficient than its digital counterparts, especially for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), partly because emerging analog memory technologies have enabled local storage and processing known as compute in-memory (CIM), thereby reducing the amount of data movement between the memory and the processor. However, there are many challenges in the analog domain approach, such as the lack of a capable commercially available nonvolatile analog memory, and the analog domain is susceptible to variation and noise. Additionally, analog cores involve digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), which consume up to 64% of total power consumption. An emerging trend has been to employ time-domain (TD) circuits to implement the multiply-accumulate (MAC) operation. TD cores require time-to-digital converters (TDCs) and digital-to-time converters (DTCs). However, DTC and TDC can be more energy and area efficient than DAC and ADC. TD accelerators leverage both digital and analog features, thereby enabling energy-efficient computing and scaling with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The performance of TD accelerators can be substantially improved if custom-designed analog delay cells, DTC, and TDC are used. This monograph reviews state-of-the-art TD accelerators and discusses system considerations and hardware implementations. Additionally, the work analyzes the energy and area efficiency of the TD architectures, including spatially unrolled (SU) and recursive (REC) architectures, for varying input resolutions and network sizes to provide insight for designers into how to choose the appropriate TD approach for a particular application. The monograph also discusses an implemented scalable SU-TD accelerator synthesized in 65nm CMOS technology, and concludes with the limitations of time-domain computation and future work.

This textbook takes a unique approach to fundamental courses in electronic circuits, providing the students with early exposure to Integrated Circuit (IC) technology and Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools using a Process Design Kit (PDK).

This book introduces power amplifier design in 22nm FDSOI CMOS dedicated towards 5G applications at 28 GHz and presents 4 state-of-the-art power amplifier designs. The authors discuss power amplifier performance metrics, design trade-offs, and presents different power amplifier classes utilizing efficiency enhancement techniques at 28 GHz. The book presents the design process from theory, simulation, layout, and finally measurement results.

This book introduces power amplifier design in 22nm FDSOI CMOS dedicated towards 5G applications at 28 GHz and presents 4 state-of-the-art power amplifier designs. The authors discuss power amplifier performance metrics, design trade-offs, and presents different power amplifier classes utilizing efficiency enhancement techniques at 28 GHz. The book presents the design process from theory, simulation, layout, and finally measurement results.

This book describes power management integrated circuits (PMIC), for power converters and voltage regulators necessary for energy efficient and small form factor systems. The authors discuss state-of-the-art PMICs not only for battery powered wearable devices, but also energy harvesting-based devices. The circuits presented support voltage scaling to reduce the overall average power consumption of a wearable device, resulting in longer device operating time. The discussion includes many designs, control techniques and approaches to distribute efficiently the power among different blocks in the device.• Demonstrates for readers how to innovate in designing power management integrated circuits (PMIC) suitable for wearable devices, powered by either battery or harvesting energy;• Introduces a dual outputs switched capacitor, using a single voltage regulator to minimize the area overhead and discusses the effect of having more than two outputs on the area and power efficiency;• Introduces a novel clock-less digital LDO regulator that eliminates the use of the clocked comparator and serial shift register in the conventional design;• Presents experimental results of energy harvesting-based power management units (PMU), using different combinations of power converters and voltage regulators, providing a guide for designers to select the appropriate option based on device requirements.

This book describes power management integrated circuits (PMIC), for power converters and voltage regulators necessary for energy efficient and small form factor systems. The authors discuss state-of-the-art PMICs not only for battery powered wearable devices, but also energy harvesting-based devices. The circuits presented support voltage scaling to reduce the overall average power consumption of a wearable device, resulting in longer device operating time. The discussion includes many designs, control techniques and approaches to distribute efficiently the power among different blocks in the device.• Demonstrates for readers how to innovate in designing power management integrated circuits (PMIC) suitable for wearable devices, powered by either battery or harvesting energy;• Introduces a dual outputs switched capacitor, using a single voltage regulator to minimize the area overhead and discusses the effect of having more than two outputs on the area and power efficiency;• Introduces a novel clock-less digital LDO regulator that eliminates the use of the clocked comparator and serial shift register in the conventional design;• Presents experimental results of energy harvesting-based power management units (PMU), using different combinations of power converters and voltage regulators, providing a guide for designers to select the appropriate option based on device requirements.

?This book describes an ECG processing architecture that guides biomedical SoC developers, from theory to implementation and testing. The authors provide complete coverage of the digital circuit implementation of an ultra-low power biomedical SoC, comprised of a detailed description of an ECG processor implemented and fabricated on chip. Coverage also includes the challenges and tradeoffs of designing ECG processors.Describes digital circuit architecture for implementing ECG processing algorithms on chip;Includes coverage of signal processing techniques for ECG processing;Features ultra-low power circuit design techniques;Enables design of ECG processing architectures and their respective on-chip implementation.

?This book describes an ECG processing architecture that guides biomedical SoC developers, from theory to implementation and testing. The authors provide complete coverage of the digital circuit implementation of an ultra-low power biomedical SoC, comprised of a detailed description of an ECG processor implemented and fabricated on chip. Coverage also includes the challenges and tradeoffs of designing ECG processors.Describes digital circuit architecture for implementing ECG processing algorithms on chip;Includes coverage of signal processing techniques for ECG processing;Features ultra-low power circuit design techniques;Enables design of ECG processing architectures and their respective on-chip implementation.

This book presents techniques necessary to predict cardiac arrhythmias, long before they occur, based on minimal ECG data. The authors describe the key information needed for automated ECG signal processing, including ECG signal pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. The adaptive and novel ECG processing techniques introduced in this book are highly effective and suitable for real-time implementation on ASICs.

This book discusses the design and implementation of energy harvesting systems targeting wearable devices. Finally, the authors present power management circuits for using multiple energy harvesting sources at the same time to power devices and to enhance efficiency of the system.

This book discusses the design and implementation of energy harvesting systems targeting wearable devices. The authors describe in detail the different energy harvesting sources that can be utilized for powering low-power devices in general, focusing on the best candidates for wearable applications. Coverage also includes state-of-the-art interface circuits, which can be used to accept energy from harvesters and deliver it to a device in the most efficient way. Finally, the authors present power management circuits for using multiple energy harvesting sources at the same time to power devices and to enhance efficiency of the system.

This book describes the design and implementation of an electronic subsystem called the frequency synthesizer, which is a very important building block for any wireless transceiver. The discussion includes several new techniques for the design of such a subsystem which include the usage modes of the wireless device, including its support for several leading-edge wireless standards. This new perspective for designing such a demanding subsystem is based on the fact that optimizing the performance of a complete system is not always achieved by optimizing the performance of its building blocks separately. This book provides “hands-on” examples of this sort of co-design of optimized subsystems, which can make the vision of an always-best-connected scenario a reality.