Mona El-Banna

In chemistry, Alkaloids are nitrogen containing natural occurring organic compounds which contains a heteroatom Nitrogen in their structure and these, nitrogen atom is responsible for the alkalinity of Alkaloids. In alkaloids, these, nitrogen atom is usually situated in the ring system, For example: Indole alkaloids, Quinoline alkaloids. In nature, Alkaloids are derived by the large variety of organisms including- plants, bacteria, animals, fungi. There are more than 12,000 alkaloids have been already described. On the basis of structure, alkaloids can be divided into sub-classes like indoles, quinolines, iso-quinolines, steroids and terpenoids alkaloids. Alkaloids are mainly classified in two major classes- on the basis of origin and presence of nitrogen atom and on the basis of ring structure.Alkaloids play a significant role in daily human life, being present in food, beverages, medicinal drugs, stimulants, narcotics, and insecticides, and influencing a wide range of physiological activities. Even in minute doses, alkaloids can exert potent biological effects on both human and animal systems.

La malattia di Parkinson (PD) un disturbo neurodegenerativo comune che colpisce oltre 10 milioni di persone in tutto il mondo, con una prevalenza che aumenta con l'et . caratterizzata da sintomi motori come bradicinesia e rigidit e da sintomi non motori dovuti alla perdita di neuroni dopaminergici nella substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Le caratteristiche patologiche principali includono l'aggregazione dell'alfa-sinucleina in corpi di Lewy, la disfunzione mitocondriale, lo stress ossidativo e la neuroinfiammazione.Con il progredire della PD, la deplezione di dopamina si aggrava, portando a complicanze motorie e non motorie avanzate. I trattamenti attuali alleviano i sintomi ma non prevengono la neurodegenerazione. La comprensione dei meccanismi di aggregazione dell'alfa-sinucleina, della disfunzione mitocondriale e della neuroinfiammazione essenziale per sviluppare terapie efficaci che modifichino la malattia.

Phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, are essential plant-derived metabolites with profound health benefits. Their various subclasses-including flavonols, flavanones, isoflavonoids, neoflavonoids, flavanols, and anthocyanins-exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, cardio-protective, and anti-cancer effects. These bioactive compounds play a crucial role in disease prevention and overall health promotion by modulating oxidative stress, improving vascular function, and supporting immune defense. Given their natural abundance in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods, flavonoids are essential components of a healthy diet.