Mona Sharma

This book will cover the basic principles and salient features of EIA. The authors attempt to cover the shortcomings observed in EIA reports, the manner of conducting EIA for proposed projects, and also to facilitate the preparation of good quality EIA reports. The book is written in a straightforward format avoiding long descriptive texts to enhance the reader experience Although the focus is on the Indian context, the concepts and techniques of EIA described in this book are applicable universally. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is also discussed, and this is an essential aspect of EIA in countries where priority is on economic development by way of development projects and when the EIA process has inherent weaknesses. For the continual improvement of EIA reports, EIA consultants maybe assigned the task of implementing and operationalizing the suggested EMP in addition to conducting an EIA study and in preparation of an EIA report. The system of peer review of EIA reports is also expected to improve EIA quality. “Environmental Impact Assessment: A Journey to Sustainable Development” is an attempt to cover EIA according to new knowledge acquired through research and experiences which will make this tool more versatile and dynamic. The authors recognise that since EIA is continuously expanding and developing there will always be potential for improving the scope of this book to make it more useful to the users as per their requirement. This book will be of interest to academics, EIA professionals and consultants, EIA review/appraisal authorities and particularly stakeholders in emerging economies where major developmental work is being undertaken and which is expected to continue in decades to come.

Shape memory alloy has wide range of application in aerospace, medical, actuator, sensor and in biomedical due to its property of superelasticity and shape memory effect. From long time for high precision parts cold treatment is being used for the enhancement of their property. When the cold treatment is done temperature down to -80 C, it is known as cryogenic treatment. And if the cold treatment is done at liquid nitrogen temperature (-196 C), called as deep cryogenic treatment. There are plenty of literature that report the cryogenic treatment of different kinds of steel, ZnO nanowire and pure Zr. But unfortunately there are very rare literature on the cryogenic treatment of Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloy. The precise effect of cryogenic on properties like corrosion and hardness is not clear. Therefore, in this present book we have studied, mechanical properties, morphology as well as the corrosion behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy. For the Cryotreatment test all the four sample of NiTi was kept inside liquid nitrogen for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs. A detailed microstructural analysis of non cryotreated and cryotreated NiTi alloy has been done. XRD and SEM were also carried.