Nate Rosenblatt

In this report, RAND researchers study the causes of civilian harm in the 2017 battle for Raqqa, Syria, and provide insights into how the U.S. Department of Defense can reduce civilian harm in future operations.

This document presents the second edition ruleset for the wargame played at the Marine Corps' Information Warfighter Exercise (IWX)--an event designed to provide training on information activities and capabilities. In the IWX wargame, two teams compete in a notional scenario, providing their side with a detailed plan for information activities and amending that plan dynamically in response to in-game events and the actions of the other team.