Nilanjana Das Chatterjee

Advanced GIS and Crime Analysisexplores the existing spatial variability of crime committed against women in West Bengal and steadily excavates the underlying determinants accountable for specific crimes against women. The book applies GIS technologies to visualise complex crime patterns over space and suggests specific measures to curb oppression. The book applies statistical methods and GIS techniques to visualise the vulnerable areas of crime against women in West Bengal and critically discusses emerging criminogenic issues with respect to theoretical understanding and immediate situations. The determination of the most significant crime hotspots, deliberation of substantial facts through a variety of collective socio-economic as well as environmental perspectives, and suggestive measures will assist law enforcement officials, practitioners, and policymakers in adopting immediate, effective measures. Advanced GIS and Crime Analysis will be beneficial for students of criminology, research scholars, practitioners, urban planners, and policymakers to understand the complex crime patterns that exist in West Bengal.

The study presented in this SpringerBrief uses GIS tools to analyze incidents of violence against women in West Bengal India, identifying “hotspots” and offering tools and strategies to predict and prevent future violence. The aim of this study is to understand the existing scenarios and the complex crime patterns committed against women in West Bengal, using advanced GIS tools to map and understand the underlying socio-economic and physical environmental contexts of specific crime events, and critically discussed emerging criminogenic issues on the basis of theoretical understanding and immediate situations. This study evaluates the effectiveness of existing legislative measures to extract the gaps that exist between policy formulation and execution and effectively applied statistical methods and GIS technologies to visualize the future potential crime areas so that possible measures might be taken. The study considers four categories of violence perpetrated on women: human trafficking, acid attacks, rape and sexual harassment. Each chapter follows a self-contained design to address the study objectives as each crime follows distinct crime pattern, differentially affects the targets and increase risk of victimization and differential key factors are responsible for specific crime occurrences.

This book presents research on landscape ecology and the relationship between humans and wildlife. It helps readers understand how ecological patterns and processes are interconnected. This research illustrates and proposes (practicable) management strategies toward long-term ecological restoration and mitigation of consequences of conflict. Increasing wildlife activities in localities and forest fringes are an alarming issue. Ecological processes like movement, colonization, extinction and conflict issues depend on the landscape and ecological activities, the movement for example of migratory elephants and their colonization not only affects society but the wildlife and biodiversity too. Strategic management measures can contribute to enriching the biodiversity, habitat quality as well as landscape, while minimizing human-wildlife conflicts. This book describes landscape ecological patterns and processes, habitat dominancy, habitat dependency, suitability, connectivity andcorridor selection. To synthesize these patterns and processes, several ecological indices are used. Use of geo-spatial techniques improves future management strategies for similar circumstances, especially, related to forest regeneration and forest restoration. This book provides a concise overview to a wide range of readers including postgraduate students, researcher, academics, landscape planners, decision makers and even local populations. The techniques and management strategies described should help planners to improve forest management, by implementing quality enhancement programs such as plantation area selection and corridor selection.

Advanced GIS and Crime Analysis explores the existing spatial variability of crime committed against women in West Bengal and steadily excavates the underlying determinants accountable for specific crimes against women. The book applies GIS technologies to visualise complex crime patterns over space and suggests specific measures to curb oppression.The book applies statistical methods and GIS techniques to visualise the vulnerable areas of crime against women in West Bengal and critically discusses emerging criminogenic issues with respect to theoretical understanding and immediate situations. The determination of the most significant crime hotspots, deliberation of substantial facts through a variety of collective socio-economic as well as environmental perspectives, and suggestive measures will assist law enforcement officials, practitioners, and policymakers in adopting immediate, effective measures.Advanced GIS and Crime Analysis will be beneficial for students of criminology, research scholars, practitioners, urban planners, and policymakers to understand the complex crime patterns that exist in West Bengal.

This book presents research on landscape ecology and the relationship between humans and wildlife. It helps readers understand how ecological patterns and processes are interconnected. This research illustrates and proposes (practicable) management strategies toward long-term ecological restoration and mitigation of consequences of conflict. Increasing wildlife activities in localities and forest fringes are an alarming issue. Ecological processes like movement, colonization, extinction and conflict issues depend on the landscape and ecological activities, the movement for example of migratory elephants and their colonization not only affects society but the wildlife and biodiversity too. Strategic management measures can contribute to enriching the biodiversity, habitat quality as well as landscape, while minimizing human-wildlife conflicts. This book describes landscape ecological patterns and processes, habitat dominancy, habitat dependency, suitability, connectivity andcorridor selection. To synthesize these patterns and processes, several ecological indices are used. Use of geo-spatial techniques improves future management strategies for similar circumstances, especially, related to forest regeneration and forest restoration. This book provides a concise overview to a wide range of readers including postgraduate students, researcher, academics, landscape planners, decision makers and even local populations. The techniques and management strategies described should help planners to improve forest management, by implementing quality enhancement programs such as plantation area selection and corridor selection.

Worldwide demand for sand and gravel is increasing daily, as the need for these materials continues to rise, for example in the construction sector, in land filling and for transportation sector based infrastructural projects. This results in over-extraction of sand from channel beds, and hampers the natural renewal of sediment, geological setup and morphological processes of the riverine system. In India, illegal sand mining (of alluvial channels) and gravel mining (of perennial channels) are two anthropogenic issues that negatively affect the sustainable drainage system. Along the Kangsabati River in India, the consequences of sand mining are very serious. The construction of Mukutmonipur Dam (1958) on the river causes huge sediment deposition along the middle and downstream areas, these same areas are also intensely mined for sand (instream and on the flood plain). Geospatial models are applied in order to better understand the state and the resilience of stream hydraulics, morphological and river ecosystem variables during pre-mining and post-mining stages, using micro-level datasets of the Kangsabati River. The book also includes practicable measures to minimize the environmental consequences of instream mining in respect to optimum sand mining. It discusses the threshold limits of each variable in stream hydraulics, morphological and river ecological regime, and also discusses the most affected variables. Consequently, all outputs will be very useful for students, researchers, academicians, decision makers and practitioners and will facilitate applying these techniques to create models for other river basins.

Worldwide demand for sand and gravel is increasing daily, as the need for these materials continues to rise, for example in the construction sector, in land filling and for transportation sector based infrastructural projects. This results in over-extraction of sand from channel beds, and hampers the natural renewal of sediment, geological setup and morphological processes of the riverine system. In India, illegal sand mining (of alluvial channels) and gravel mining (of perennial channels) are two anthropogenic issues that negatively affect the sustainable drainage system. Along the Kangsabati River in India, the consequences of sand mining are very serious. The construction of Mukutmonipur Dam (1958) on the river causes huge sediment deposition along the middle and downstream areas, these same areas are also intensely mined for sand (instream and on the flood plain). Geospatial models are applied in order to better understand the state and the resilience of stream hydraulics, morphological and river ecosystem variables during pre-mining and post-mining stages, using micro-level datasets of the Kangsabati River. The book also includes practicable measures to minimize the environmental consequences of instream mining in respect to optimum sand mining. It discusses the threshold limits of each variable in stream hydraulics, morphological and river ecological regime, and also discusses the most affected variables. Consequently, all outputs will be very useful for students, researchers, academicians, decision makers and practitioners and will facilitate applying these techniques to create models for other river basins.

This book sheds new light on the causes and consequences of elephant migration in the Panchet Forest Division of Bankura District in West Bengal, India- an area characterized by fragmented forested landscape modified by agriculture and settlement expansion. Anthropogenic activities result in the decline in quality and coverage of forests, loss of biodiversity and removal of forest corridors which ultimately restrict or modify the movement of elephants causing a forceful change of their habitats. A major objective of this monograph is to identify the characteristics of man–elephant conflicts in terms of land use change, cropping patterns, ecological characteristics of the fragmented dry deciduous forest, trends and patterns of elephant migration, and livelihood patterns of the inhabitants in the affected areas. Readers will discover insights into changes in the behavioral pattern of elephants and localpeople in the conflict ridden zones, and how this influences food selection. Through this book we also learn about rational management strategies that can be employed on the local and national level to mitigate human-elephant conflicts.Ecologists, landscape conservation planners and environmental managers engaged in the conservation of large vertebrates in fragmenting and human-dominated landscapes will find this book valuable.