Nisha Parveen

TMJ is crucial in normal functions such as mastication, speech, esthetics, and overall health. However, a thorough knowledge of this joint, its anatomy and functional biomechanics is essential for the correct analysis of several of its disorders (TMD). Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction associates pain, limited mouth opening and joint noise. In case of failure of conservative treatments, surgery may be performed. Any alteration in its anatomy & function can lead compromised day to day activities. With refined design objectives and validation metrics, and with a growing awareness of TMD as pathology in need of clinical action, TMJ Bioengineering for both the mandibular condyle and TMJ disc along with arthroscopy and other treatment modalities need a thorough re- evaluation with recent advancements. This book is an insight and focus on anatomy and pathology of the joint along with arthro- and osteokinematics, epidemiology, history taking, physical examination, treatment as well as recent advancements in these arenas as they relate to TMD.

The alveolar bone is the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and supports the tooth socket (alveoli) which develops in conjunction with the development and eruption of the teeth. Alveolar bone constantly undergoes modelling and remodelling processes which is major pathway of bony changes in shape. Loss of alveolar bone occurs following trauma and inflammation associated with periodontal disease. The initial response to bacterial infection is a local inflammatory reaction, amplification of this initial localized response results in the release of an array of cytokines and other mediators leading to RANK and RANK-L induced osteoclast differentiation leading to alveolar bone loss. Preventing or minimizing this loss is a major clinical objective in dentistry, and restoration of alveolar bone mass after losses is an extremely difficult task to attain. This book is an insight to understand development of alveolar bone and how it relates to function which is fundamental for understanding the disease process, and for devising effective therapeutic strategies, particularly in the case where tissue destruction, and hence a concomitant loss of function, ensues.