Olga Shvetsova

Ce livre se concentre sur les bases th oriques et pratiques de la gestion de l'innovation dans un environnement global. L'auteur analyse les diff rentes approches du d veloppement et du transfert des innovations sur les march s mondiaux en vue de la durabilit . La publication est destin e aux sp cialistes des tablissements d'enseignement sup rieur professionnel, ainsi qu' un large ventail de chercheurs, d' tudiants de troisi me cycle et d' tudiants dipl m s dans toutes les sp cialit s conomiques et fournit plusieurs tudes de cas.

Este livro est centrado em bases te ricas e pr ticas de gest o da inova o no ambiente global. O autor analisa diferentes abordagens de desenvolvimento e transfer ncia de inova es nos mercados globais para a sustentabilidade. A publica o destina-se a especialistas no campo das institui es de ed-uca o profissional superior, bem como a uma vasta gama de investigadores, p s-graduados e estudantes de p s-gradua o dentro de qualquer especialidade econ mica e fornece v rios estudos de casos.

Questo libro si concentra sulle basi teoriche e pratiche della gestione dell'innovazione in un ambiente globale. L'autore analizza i diversi approcci allo sviluppo e al trasferimento delle innovazioni nei mercati globali per la sostenibilit . La pubblicazione si rivolge a specialisti nel campo delle istituzioni di formazione professionale superiore, nonch a un'ampia gamma di ricercatori, specializzandi e laureati in qualsiasi settore economico e fornisce numerosi casi di studio.

Dieses Buch konzentriert sich auf die theoretischen und praktischen Grundlagen des Innovationsmanagements im globalen Umfeld. Der Autor analysiert verschiedene Ans tze f r die Entwicklung und den Transfer von Innovationen auf den globalen M rkten f r Nachhaltigkeit. Die Publikation richtet sich an Fachleute im Bereich h herer Bildungseinrichtungen sowie an ein breites Spektrum von Forschern, Postgraduierten und Doktoranden aus allen wirtschaftlichen Fachbereichen und enth lt mehrere Fallstudien.

A formal model in the social sciences builds explanations when it structures the reasoning underlying a theoretical argument, opens venues for controlled experimentation, and can lead to hypotheses. Yet more importantly, models evaluate theory, build theory, and enhance conjectures. Formal Modeling in Social Science addresses the varied helpful roles of formal models and goes further to take up more fundamental considerations of epistemology and methodology. The authors integrate the exposition of the epistemology and the methodology of modeling and argue that these two reinforce each other. They illustrate the process of designing an original model suited to the puzzle at hand, using multiple methods in diverse substantive areas of inquiry. The authors also emphasize the crucial, though underappreciated, role of a narrative in the progression from theory to model. Transparency of assumptions and steps in a model means that any analyst will reach equivalent predictions whenever she replicates the argument. Hence, models enable theoretical replication, essential in the accumulation of knowledge. Formal Modeling in Social Science speaks to scholars in different career stages and disciplines and with varying expertise in modeling.

A formal model in the social sciences builds explanations when it structures the reasoning underlying a theoretical argument, opens venues for controlled experimentation, and can lead to hypotheses. Yet more importantly, models evaluate theory, build theory, and enhance conjectures. Formal Modeling in Social Science addresses the varied helpful roles of formal models and goes further to take up more fundamental considerations of epistemology and methodology. The authors integrate the exposition of the epistemology and the methodology of modeling and argue that these two reinforce each other. They illustrate the process of designing an original model suited to the puzzle at hand, using multiple methods in diverse substantive areas of inquiry. The authors also emphasize the crucial, though underappreciated, role of a narrative in the progression from theory to model. Transparency of assumptions and steps in a model means that any analyst will reach equivalent predictions whenever she replicates the argument. Hence, models enable theoretical replication, essential in the accumulation of knowledge. Formal Modeling in Social Science speaks to scholars in different career stages and disciplines and with varying expertise in modeling.

In this book, Carol Mershon and Olga Shvetsova explore one of the central questions in democratic politics: how much autonomy do elected politicians have to shape and reshape the party system on their own, without the direct involvement of voters in elections? Mershon and Shvetsova's theory focuses on the choices of party membership made by legislators while serving in office. It identifies the inducements and impediments to legislators' changes of partisan affiliation, and integrates strategic and institutional approaches to the study of parties and party systems. With empirical analyses comparing nine countries that differ in electoral laws, territorial governance and executive-legislative relations, Mershon and Shvetsova find that strategic incumbents have the capacity to reconfigure the party system as established in elections. Representatives are motivated to bring about change by opportunities arising during the parliamentary term, and are deterred from doing so by the elemental democratic practice of elections.

In this book, Carol Mershon and Olga Shvetsova explore one of the central questions in democratic politics: how much autonomy do elected politicians have to shape and reshape the party system on their own, without the direct involvement of voters in elections? Mershon and Shvetsova's theory focuses on the choices of party membership made by legislators while serving in office. It identifies the inducements and impediments to legislators' changes of partisan affiliation, and integrates strategic and institutional approaches to the study of parties and party systems. With empirical analyses comparing nine countries that differ in electoral laws, territorial governance and executive-legislative relations, Mershon and Shvetsova find that strategic incumbents have the capacity to reconfigure the party system as established in elections. Representatives are motivated to bring about change by opportunities arising during the parliamentary term, and are deterred from doing so by the elemental democratic practice of elections.

Because of the redistributive nature of institutions and the availability of implementable alternatives with different distributive consequences, the desire of federation members to change institutional specifics in their favor is a permanent feature of the federal political process. This is so for two reasons. First, states or their equivalents in democratic federations usually can succeed in renegotiating the rules if they feel sufficiently motivated to do so. Second, in the case of a federation it is more or less clear who stands to benefit from any change in institutions. Thus, the existence of an equilibrium of constitutional legitimacy at the popular and elite levels cannot be taken for granted. The authors show that the presence in the political process of agents who are ‘naturally committed’ to the status-quo institutional arrangement can suffice to coordinate voters to act as if they support existing constitutional arrangements.

Because of the redistributive nature of institutions and the availability of implementable alternatives with different distributive consequences, the desire of federation members to change institutional specifics in their favor is a permanent feature of the federal political process. This is so for two reasons. First, states or their equivalents in democratic federations usually can succeed in renegotiating the rules if they feel sufficiently motivated to do so. Second, in the case of a federation it is more or less clear who stands to benefit from any change in institutions. Thus, the existence of an equilibrium of constitutional legitimacy at the popular and elite levels cannot be taken for granted. The authors show that the presence in the political process of agents who are 'naturally committed' to the status-quo institutional arrangement can suffice to coordinate voters to act as if they support existing constitutional arrangements.