Oscar Browning

""The Age of the Condottieri"" by Oscar Browning is a concise historical account of medieval Italy from 1409 to 1530. The book focuses on the period when Italy was dominated by the mercenary captains known as condottieri, who were hired by various city-states to fight their battles. The author explores the political, social, and economic changes that occurred during this period, including the rise of the Medici family in Florence, the papacy's struggles for power, and the emergence of the Italian Renaissance. Browning also examines the military tactics and strategies of the condottieri, their impact on Italian society, and their role in shaping the future of Italy. The book provides a comprehensive overview of this fascinating period in Italian history, offering readers a deeper understanding of the country's cultural and political heritage.This Is A New Release Of The Original 1895 Edition.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

After the death of Frederick II., an interval of twenty-three years passed without the appointment of a king of the Romans (1250-1273), and an interval of sixty years without the recognition of an emperor in Italy (1250-1309). The country therefore was left to govern itself, but it was not at all the less divided by discords and distracted by dissensions. The parties of Guelph and Ghibelline raged as fiercely as if the lances of the German hosts were ever glimmering on the crest of the Alps, or as if the Lombard leagues were in constant watchfulness against an impending foe. These two party names occur again and again in history, until the time when both factions were crushed beneath the heel of a common enemy. They represented divergent principles, although in the heat of conflict all question of principle was too often disregarded. Speaking generally, the Ghibellines were the party of the emperor, and the Guelphs the party of the Pope; the Ghibellines were on the side of authority, or sometimes of oppression, the Guelphs were on the side of liberty and self-government. The Ghibellines were the supporters of an universal empire of which Italy was to be the head, the Guelphs were on the side of national life and national individuality. Contents: Introduction. Frederick Barbarossa. Innocent III. Frederick II. Guelphs and Ghibellines. Ezzelino da Romano. Early Venice. Charles of Anjou. Manfred. Conradin. Sicilian Vespers. Pisa and Genoa. Constitution of Florence. Pope Celestine V. Blacks and Whites. Charles of Valois. Removal of Popes to Avignon. Adolf of Nassau. Henry of Luxemburg. Venice. Castruccio. King John of Bohemia. Mastino della Scala. The Duke of Athens. Joanna of Naples. Rienzi. The Black Death. Lewis of Hungary. Genoa and Venice. Marino Faliero. The Visconti. Cardinal Albornoz. Death of Rienzi. Emperor Charles IV. The Mercenaries. Perugia and Siena. Florence and Pisa. Urban V., Charles IV., and Gregory XI. The Visconti. The Great Schism. Revolution of the Ciompi at Florence. Queen Johanna of Naples. The War of Chioggia. The Peace of Turin. Gian Galeazzo Visconti. Ladislaus. The Council of Pisa. Retrospect and Prospect. Joanna Of Naples. Muzio Sforza. Braccio da Montone and Carmagnola. The Emperor Sigismund. Pope Eugenius IV. The Rise of the Medici. Alfonzo of Arragon. Francesco Sforza. Frederick III. Pius II. Cosimo dei Medici. Paul II. The Turks in Europe. Lorenzo dei Medici. Galeazzo Maria Sforza. Charles VIII in Italy. Savonarola. Pope Alexander VI. Pope Julius II. Leo X. The Sack of Rome. The Fall of Florence.

During the Hundred Days, (1815) there lay in Napoleon's study in the Tuileries a packet of papers, sealed with the Imperial arms, on the cover of which was written, "A remettre au Cardinal Fesch seul." This packet was carried by Fesch to Rome, but he never had the curiosity to open it, and it remained sealed and tied up till his death, on May 13th, 1839. Many years later it was eventually opened, and an astonished world discovered that Napoleon had collected papers relating to his boyhood and youth. Using this amazing material and many other sources Oscar Browning produced the first English language account of the formative years between Napoleon's birth in 1769 and when he first forced his way onto the world stage as a young man of importance at the siege of Toulon in 1793. There He personally led his men in the assault on the field earthworks guarding the city. During one of the attacks he received a bayonet wound. Napoleon with his artillery also destroyed several British warships anchored in Toulon's harbour, forcing them to sail away. It was his first victory and he was promoted to brigadier general.

'George Eliot' was the pseudonym of Marian Evans (1819–80), possibly the greatest of the Victorian novelists, whose works include The Mill on the Floss (1860), Middlemarch (1871–2) and Daniel Deronda (1876). Her personal life was complex - she was an independent woman who challenged social conventions. Her friend, Eton master and historian Oscar Browning (1837–1923), was moved to write this affectionate assessment of her life, and it was published in 1890, offering 'no claims … but a friendship of fifteen years, and a deep and unswerving devotion to her mind and character'. Browning takes a chronological approach, focusing mainly on the beginnings of Eliot's writing career and on her novels, while adding recollections of their encounters. He also writes with candour about Eliot's relationship and cohabitation with the married writer G. H. Lewes (1817–78), which transgressed the social norms of the period.

Title: The Flight to Varennes, and other historical essays.Publisher: British Library, Historical Print EditionsThe British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. It is one of the world's largest research libraries holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats: books, journals, newspapers, sound recordings, patents, maps, stamps, prints and much more. Its collections include around 14 million books, along with substantial additional collections of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC.The HISTORY OF TRAVEL collection includes books from the British Library digitised by Microsoft. This collection contains personal narratives, travel guides and documentary accounts by Victorian travelers, male and female. Also included are pamphlets, travel guides, and personal narratives of trips to and around the Americas, the Indies, Europe, Africa and the Middle East. ++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++ British Library Browning, Oscar; 1892. vii, 348 p.; 8 . 9080.c.12.