Patrick Wheeler

From the mid-eighteenth century onwards, British women started travelling in any numbers to the East Indies, mostly to accompany husbands, brothers or fathers. Very little about them is recorded from the earlier years, about the remarkable journeys that they made and what drove them to travel those huge distances. Some kept journals, others wrote letters, and for the first time Patrick Wheeler tells their story in this fascinating and colourful history, exploring the little-known lives of these women and their experiences of life in India before the Raj. With a perceptive approach, Ribbons Among the Rajahs considers all aspects of womens lives in India, from the original discomfort of traversing the globe and the complexities of arrival through to creating a home in a tight-knit settlement community. It considers, too, the effects of the subservience of women to the needs of men and argues for fusion of European and Indian cultures that existed before imperial times.

These letters give a personal and intimate insight into the lives of two sisters living in Madras (now Chennai) in the time of Jane Austen. Both describe day-to-day life, occupations and relationships in the earliest days of British settlement, providing a rare glimpse into the social history of a place in India, far from home. Both women were accomplished artists, the older one, Elizabeth, deserving significant recognition for her extraordinary bird paintings. She also had a strong fascination for all things Indian: the people; their history; religions and languages, which she relates with enthusiasm, and then widens this with evident talent for botany and horticulture. Her younger sister, Mary, contented herself with descriptions of places, people and surroundings, not always complimentary to her peers. Behind all this was an undercurrent of anxiety about news from home, correspondence difficulties, war with France and a terrifying sepoy mutiny in Vellore. There was also a background of tension arising from the broken relationships between Elizabeth’s husband, judge Sir Henry Gwillim, and both his Chief Justice and the Governor of Madras.

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