Paul Lokuciejewski

For real-time systems, the worst-case execution time (WCET) is the key objective to be considered. Traditionally, code for real-time systems is generated without taking this objective into account and the WCET is computed only after code generation. Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems presents the first comprehensive approach integrating WCET considerations into the code generation process. Based on the proposed reconciliation between a compiler and a timing analyzer, a wide range of novel optimization techniques is provided. Among others, the techniques cover source code and assembly level optimizations, exploit machine learning techniques and address the design of modern systems that have to meet multiple objectives. Using these optimizations, the WCET of real-time applications can be reduced by about 30% to 45% on the average. This opens opportunities for decreasing clock speeds, costs and energy consumption of embedded processors. The proposed techniques can be used for all types real-time systems, including automotive and avionics IT systems.

Revision with unchanged content. In contrast to general-purpose systems, the correctness of real-time systems not only depends on the logical results of the computation but also on its temporal behavior specified by the worst-case execution time (WCET). Now-adays, software for embedded systems acting as real-time systems is written in high-level languages requiring the presence of a compiler. Modern com-piler optimizations aim at reducing the program's average-case exe-cution time completely ignoring the WCET. Tuning an application with respect to its worst-case execution time must be performed manually. To avoid this tedious and error-prone approach, an automation by the compiler is highly desired. This book faces this issue and describes the integration of a timing analyzer into a compiler infractructure. It presents flexible concepts describing the design and realization of a novel WCET-aware C compiler. Due to the combination of the extensive compiler knowledge on the program and the timing information, this compiler framework is best suited for the deve-lopment of WCET-aware compiler optimizations. This book is intended for students but also for any reader interested in the construction of real-time compilers.

For real-time systems, the worst-case execution time (WCET) is the key objective to be considered. Traditionally, code for real-time systems is generated without taking this objective into account and the WCET is computed only after code generation. Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems presents the first comprehensive approach integrating WCET considerations into the code generation process. Based on the proposed reconciliation between a compiler and a timing analyzer, a wide range of novel optimization techniques is provided. Among others, the techniques cover source code and assembly level optimizations, exploit machine learning techniques and address the design of modern systems that have to meet multiple objectives. Using these optimizations, the WCET of real-time applications can be reduced by about 30% to 45% on the average. This opens opportunities for decreasing clock speeds, costs and energy consumption of embedded processors. The proposed techniques can be used for all types real-time systems, including automotive and avionics IT systems.