Philip Alston

This open access book outlines the urgent response needed to address contemporary forms of privatization, which are transforming the foundations of our societies and dramatically undermining human rights.Corporations are being given control over water, healthcare, housing, public transportation, child welfare services, elder care, and more. Across the world, as investors seek new returns and states cope with public finances devastated by tax cuts, unsustainable debt, and the rising costs of the climate crisis, new forms of privatization are being promoted by governments, consulting firms, international financial institutions, and development actors as the answer. Their pitch is based upon a mythology that extols the virtues of an idealized market while ignoring the heavy human rights costs incurred.Building on the latest evidence and in-depth case studies, this book shows how the touted ‘efficiency’ of the private sector is often predicated on increasing fees, reducing services, destroying good jobs, and the highly predictable exclusion of many users. Privatization generally costs the public more money, marginalizes democratic decision-making and accountability, and transforms citizens from rights-holders into customers.Drawing from successful campaigns and fresh analysis, the authors develop an approach designed to enable human rights actors, including courts, UN bodies, and NGOs, to move beyond an all too common agnosticism towards privatization. The starting points are that privatization is inherently retrogressive in human rights terms and that universal public services are often the best way for states to fulfil human rights. Whatever mix of public and private is reflected in any given arrangement, governments must retain the degree of control necessary to ensure respect for rights, and the legal, financial and administrative power to do so. The book charts new directions for responding to the ever-growing threat that privatization poses to human rights.The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.

Governments around the world are privatizing everything, with dramatic but largely ignored negative consequences for human rights. This open access book outlines the response that is urgently needed.Corporations are being given control over water, healthcare, housing, public transportation, child welfare services, aged care, and much else. Privatization is promoted by international financial institutions, consulting firms, and development actors as the answer to public finances devastated by the very tax cuts insistently pushed by these groups. Their pitch is based upon a mythology that extols the virtues of an idealized market while ignoring the heavy human rights costs incurred.Building on the latest evidence and on specially commissioned case studies, this book shows how the touted ‘efficiency’ of the private sector is often predicated on higher charges and/or reduced services, destructive employment practices, and the highly predictable exclusion of many users. Privatization generally costs states more money, marginalizes democratic decision-making, and transforms citizens from rights-holders into customers while sidelining accountability.The authors develop an approach designed to enable human rights actors, including courts, UN treaty monitoring bodies, and NGOs to move beyond their longstanding agnosticism towards privatization. It starts with a presumption that privatization is inherently retrogressive in human rights terms. Whatever mix of public and private is reflected in any given arrangement, governments must retain the degree of control necessary to ensure respect for rights, and the legal, financial and administrative ability to do so. The book charts a new direction for responding to the ever-growing threat that privatization poses to human rights.The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.

International Human Rights is the definitive work on the subject area providing its reader with a comprehensive analysis of this wide and diverse subject area. A successor to the widely acclaimed International Human Rights in Context, this book is written by Philip Alston and Ryan Goodman who are both world-leading human rights scholars. They have chosen a wide selection of materials from primary and secondary materials to demonstrate and illuminate key themes and carefully guide the reader through each extract with thoughtful and lucid commentary.

For all its achievements in integrating Europe, the EU lacks a human rights policy which is coherent, balanced and professionally administered. Whether in relation to access to Community justice, sex equality, race and disability discrimination, or policing, or in its external policies from Kosovo to China, the Union needs new principles, procedures and institutions to design and implement an effective set of human rights policies. The introduction of a single currency, the problems of racism and xenophobia, the need for a humane refugee policy, the growing powers of the EU in many fields, and the Unions imminent eastward expansion, all make it urgent to adopt such policies. In this volume the leading experts in the field, including individuals from every EU country, provide an insightful critique of current policies and detailed recommendations for the future. The volume includes comprehensive analyses of: the competencies of the EU in human rights, access to justice, the Third Pillar,

For all its achievements in integrating Europe, the EU lacks a human rights policy which is coherent, balanced and professionally administered. Whether in relation to access to Community justice, sex equality, race and disability discrimination, or policing, or in its external policies from Kosovo to China, the Union needs new principles, procedures and institutions to design and implement an effective set of human rights policies. The introduction of a single currency, the problems of racism and xenophobia, the need for a humane refugee policy, the growing powers of the EU in many fields, and the Unions imminent eastward expansion, all make it urgent to adopt such policies. In this volume the leading experts in the field, including individuals from every EU country, provide an insightful critique of current policies and detailed recommendations for the future. The volume includes comprehensive analyses of: the competencies of the EU in human rights, access to justice, the Third Pillar,