Qian Xu

This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest modelling developments in flow batteries, as well as some new results and insights. Flow batteries have long been considered the most flexible answer to grid scale energy storage, and modelling is a key component in their development. Recent modelling has moved beyond macroscopic methods, towards mesoscopic and smaller scales to select materials and design components. This is important for both fundamental understanding and the design of new electrode, catalyst and electrolyte materials. There has also been a recent explosion in interest in machine learning for electrochemical energy technologies. The scope of the book includes these latest developments and is focused on advanced techniques, rather than traditional modelling paradigms. The aim of this book is to introduce these concepts and methods to flow battery researcher, but the book would have a much broader appeal since these methods also employed in other battery and fuel cell systems and far beyond. The methods will be described in detail (necessary fundamental material in Appendices). The book appeals to graduate students and researchers in academia/industry working in electrochemical systems, or those working in computational chemistry/machine learning wishing to seek new application areas.

This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest modelling developments in flow batteries, as well as some new results and insights. Flow batteries have long been considered the most flexible answer to grid scale energy storage, and modelling is a key component in their development. Recent modelling has moved beyond macroscopic methods, towards mesoscopic and smaller scales to select materials and design components. This is important for both fundamental understanding and the design of new electrode, catalyst and electrolyte materials. There has also been a recent explosion in interest in machine learning for electrochemical energy technologies. The scope of the book includes these latest developments and is focused on advanced techniques, rather than traditional modelling paradigms. The aim of this book is to introduce these concepts and methods to flow battery researcher, but the book would have a much broader appeal since these methods also employed in other battery and fuel cell systems and far beyond. The methods will be described in detail (necessary fundamental material in Appendices). The book appeals to graduate students and researchers in academia/industry working in electrochemical systems, or those working in computational chemistry/machine learning wishing to seek new application areas.

This book adopts a multi-method and multi-phase approach to investigate the washback effects of Test for English Majors (TEM) on program administrators, teachers and students, shedding new light on TEM reform and the reform of English teaching and learning in China. TEM, a nationwide test used to measure the language proficiency of undergraduate English majors in China, is a major standardized test taken by nearly 400,000 students every year. The book’s key features include: an in-depth discussion of the nature of washback and a framework for investigating it; a multi-method and multi-phase approach, employing both the quantitative method of questionnaire surveys and the qualitative methods of interviews and classroom observations; large-scale questionnaire surveys conducted among experts, program administrators, teachers and students, and involving over 30,000 participants; detailed assessments of TEM’s washback effects on stakeholders’ perceptions, classroom teaching practice, students learning activities, etc.; and essential insights into testing and teaching reforms.

This book adopts a multi-method and multi-phase approach to investigate the washback effects of Test for English Majors (TEM) on program administrators, teachers and students, shedding new light on TEM reform and the reform of English teaching and learning in China. TEM, a nationwide test used to measure the language proficiency of undergraduate English majors in China, is a major standardized test taken by nearly 400,000 students every year. The book’s key features include: an in-depth discussion of the nature of washback and a framework for investigating it; a multi-method and multi-phase approach, employing both the quantitative method of questionnaire surveys and the qualitative methods of interviews and classroom observations; large-scale questionnaire surveys conducted among experts, program administrators, teachers and students, and involving over 30,000 participants; detailed assessments of TEM’s washback effects on stakeholders’ perceptions, classroom teaching practice, students learning activities, etc.; and essential insights into testing and teaching reforms.

Green Financial Derivatives: Option-Based Solutions Promoting Behaviour-Driven Household Energy Efficiency provides a guide on the role of market-based interventions on mitigating household energy demand. This book provides clarity on the fundamental principles of the financial markets, energy markets, and regulatory and policy landscapes, identifying challenges and opportunities. It outlines the critical role that behavior-centered interventions play in the demand-supply challenges of renewable energy integration and how these intersect with technological solutions. As well as breaking down general principles of option-based green financial derivatives, it provides a close analysis and evaluation of the Household Energy-Saving Option (HESO) and the market-equilibrium pricing method. With a wealth of case studies, tools, and best practices, ‘Green Financial Derivatives’ will support academics, students, and policymakers in designing, implementing, and evaluating market-based options for advancing demand stability and renewable energy sources.

This book is a summary of the author's pioneering work on the theory of heating pipelines and its application expansion over the years, trying to establish a complete logical system from the basic theory of pipelines to the application of heating pipelines to the innovation and expansion of large-diameter energy transmission pipelines. These esoteric fundamental theories are linked to practical applications, and numerical simulations are used to help readers understand the problems faced by pipelines in engineering practice. The book consists of four chapters, the first chapter describes the basic concepts of district heating system, related standards, development history, facing problems and future prospects, while for the basic characteristics of district heating pipe network installation and laying methods made an introduction; followed by the second chapter summarizes and organizes the pipeline safety research of fluid-solid heat, elastic-plasticity and other basic theories, as well as heating pipeline thermal insulation system heat loss and the economic evaluation of theory and so on. Based on the basic theory of pipeline, the third and fourth chapters introduce several typical pipeline application cases in detail, and each case includes modelling, solving, and result analysis, which can provide readers with technical references and idea guidelines in the field of pipeline research. The third chapter of the different structures of the heating pipeline from the safety and economic aspects of a detailed numerical study; the fourth chapter in the heating pipeline on the basis of energy transportation pipeline, transportation medium from the original hot water, hot steam to the oil and gas, specifically introduced various types of large-diameter energy transportation pipeline under the action of different loads of the dynamic response characteristics. It has important theoretical significance for enriching and developing the basic theory of pipeline and the expansion of all kinds of pipeline applications, and at the same time, it provides technical guidance for the safe, stable, economic and efficient operation of all kinds of long-distance pipelines, such as heating pipelines and energy transmission and transportation pipelines. It helps readers to systematically and comprehensively understand the basic theories of elasticity and plasticity, fluid-solid-thermal coupling, and economic evaluation of pipelines, and at the same time provides readers with new research ideas and technical means from the perspective of scientific research.

A comprehensive review of the recent advances in anechoic chamber and reverberation chamber designs and measurements Anechoic and Reverberation Chambers is a guide to the latest systematic solutions for designing anechoic chambers that rely on state-of-the-art computational electromagnetic algorithms. This essential resource contains a theoretical and practical understanding for electromagnetic compatibility and antenna testing. The solutions outlined optimise chamber performance in the structure, absorber layout and antenna positions whilst minimising the overall cost. The anechoic chamber designs are verified by measurement results from Microwave Vision Group that validate the accuracy of the solution. Anechoic and Reverberation Chambers fills this gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive reference to electromagnetic measurements, applications and over-the-air tests inside chambers. The expert contributors offer a summary of the latest developments in anechoic and reverberation chambers to help scientists and engineers apply the most recent technologies in the field. In addition, the book contains a comparison between reverberation and anechoic chambers and identifies their strengths and weaknesses. This important resource: • Provides a systematic solution for anechoic chamber design by using state-of-the-art computational electromagnetic algorithms • Examines both types of chamber in use: comparing and contrasting the advantages and disadvantages of each • Reviews typical over-the-air measurements and new applications in reverberation chambers • Offers a timely and complete reference written by authors working at the cutting edge of the technology • Contains helpful illustrations, photographs, practical examples and comparison between measurements and simulations Written for both academics and industrial engineers and designers, Anechoic and Reverberation Chambers explores the most recent advances in anechoic chamber and reverberation chamber designs and measurements.