Roland McGrath

You can get a free PDF version of this 1156-page document at gnu.org. This images and text in this document are printed in grayscale.The C language provides no built-in facilities for performing such common operations as input/output, memory management, string manipulation, and the like. Instead, these facilities are defined in a standard library, which you compile and link with your programs.The GNU C Library, described in this document, defines all of the library functions that are specified by the ISO C standard, as well as additional features specific to POSIX and other derivatives of the Unix operating system, and extensions specific to GNU systems.The purpose of this manual is to explain how to use the facilities of the GNU C Library. We have mentioned which features belong to which standards to help you identify things that are potentially non-portable to other systems. But the emphasis in this manual is not on strict portability.

The make utility automatically determines which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issues commands to recompile them. This manual describes GNU make, which was implemented by Richard Stallman and Roland McGrath. This book is available as a free PDF from gnu.org.The Make program is indispensable to maintainers of free software systems. The GNU Make manual, written by the program's original authors, is the definitive tutorial. It also includes an introductory chapter for novice users. The Make utility automates the process of compilation; it is especially useful when the source files of large programs change. It is a small program with a lot of power. This book will show you: How to write your own makefiles Make's rule syntax and how to write your own rules How the Make utility can be configured to automatically put binary and source files in the right places. How to use make to create archive files automatically Define, set and use Make's variables How Make uses targets so that you can broaden or narrow Make's recompilation efforts on demand. And much more This manual provides a complete explanation of Make, both the basics and extended features.