Ross Cranston

What do judges actually do? What is the everyday reality of judging in civil matters? What falls under the rubric of judging? Written by a legal academic and former judge, this book offers a cogent and accessible account of what it means to be a judge in senior courts and those dealing with smaller claims. Drawing on judicial experiences and the social sciences, Judging is split into two parts. Part I examines the three fundamental values of judging - independence, impartiality, and integrity - and draws out the implications of these for everyday judging. It covers judicial guidance and codes of practice, structural protections for judges, and the behavioural rules for judges both in and away from court. Part II of the book turns to the legal and policy framework for judging, judgecraft, and judicial decision-making. This includes judicial appointments, work conditions, fact finding, litigants in person, ex tempore decisions, and the influences on decisions. Comprehensive and unique, the book demonstrates that the complex work of a judge extends beyond decision-making to matters such as managing cases, other judges, and judicial systems.

What do judges actually do? What is the everyday reality of judging in civil matters? What falls under the rubric of judging? Written by a legal academic and former judge, this book offers a cogent and accessible account of what it means to be a judge in senior courts and those dealing with smaller claims. Drawing on judicial experiences and the social sciences, Judging is split into two parts. Part I examines the three fundamental values of judging - independence, impartiality, and integrity - and draws out the implications of these for everyday judging. It covers judicial guidance and codes of practice, structural protections for judges, and the behavioural rules for judges both in and away from court. Part II of the book turns to the legal and policy framework for judging, judgecraft, and judicial decision-making. This includes judicial appointments, work conditions, fact finding, litigants in person, ex tempore decisions, and the influences on decisions. Comprehensive and unique, the book demonstrates that the complex work of a judge extends beyond decision-making to matters such as managing cases, other judges, and judicial systems.

Making Commercial Law Through Practice 1830–1970 adds a new dimension to the history of Britain's commerce, trade manufacturing and financial services, by showing how they have operated in law over the last one hundred and forty years. In the main law and lawyers were not the driving force; regulation was largely absent; and judges tended to accommodate commercial needs, so that market actors were able to shape the law through their practices. Using legal and historical scholarship, the author draws on archival sources previously unexploited for the study of commercial practice and the law's role in it. This book will stimulate parallel research in other subject areas of law. Modern commercial lawyers will learn a great deal about the current law from the story of its evolution, and economic and business historians will see how the world of commerce and trade operated in a legal context.

Making Commercial Law Through Practice 1830–1970 adds a new dimension to the history of Britain's commerce, trade manufacturing and financial services, by showing how they have operated in law over the last one hundred and forty years. In the main law and lawyers were not the driving force; regulation was largely absent; and judges tended to accommodate commercial needs, so that market actors were able to shape the law through their practices. Using legal and historical scholarship, the author draws on archival sources previously unexploited for the study of commercial practice and the law's role in it. This book will stimulate parallel research in other subject areas of law. Modern commercial lawyers will learn a great deal about the current law from the story of its evolution, and economic and business historians will see how the world of commerce and trade operated in a legal context.

On August 29–30 2014 the Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation in co-operation with the Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law arranged an International legal symposium under the heading “Functional or dysfunctional – the law as a cure? Risks and liability in the financial markets”. The symposium was held in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation. The topic of the symposium mirrors a particular interest of the activities of the SCCL covering regulatory as well as liability questions thus dealing with legal subjects which have also relevance to the Foundation. After World War II financial markets have gradually undergone huge differences depending on new financial devices, new financial markets and new financial actors evolving together with changes in regulation and supervision. These are circumstances which have together created new frames for the financial industry. Table of contents: - Extraterritorial Financial Regulation: Why E.T. Can’t Come Home by John C. Coffee, Jr. - Generally on Risks and Liability – Directors’ Liability Under the Law and Regulation in Australia by Rowan Russell - South African Company Law – Directors’ Duty of Care and Skill and the Introduction of the Business Judgment Rule: Answering the Critics by Angela Itzikowitz - International legal risk for banks and corporates by Philip R Wood - Macro-prudential regulation from an English and European Perspective – The Legal and Institutional Dimension by Kern Alexander - Comment on the session on the risks and liabilities of financial markets by Jesper Lau Hansen - Handling Risks in Financial Markets Regulation: EMIR and the problem with CCPs being Too Big to Fail by Erica Johansson - Responsibility of Banks and Their Directors, Including Liability and Enforcement by Klaus J. Hopt - Is there a role for culture and ethics in financial regulation? By William Blair - Tort Law to the Rescue? By Michael D. Green & Brandon Jones - The (non)-liability of banks under English law by Ross Cranston - Implementing liability on the basis of model case procedures – the example of the German Capital Markets Model Case Act (“KapMuG”) by Brigitte Haar - Tort cases in Iceland after the bank crash in 2008 by Eiríkur Jónsson

Contents: Conflict of Laws Regarding Liability Allocation between Insurers in Cases of Double Insurance by Michael Bogdan The Rise and Rise of Standard Form Contracts: International Commodity Sales 1800-1970 by Ross Cranston Is the Lex Mercatoria Autonomous? by Roy Goode Letters of commitment and loan agreements by Lars Gorton Law of business in transition in Hungary by Attila Harmathy Commercial Law: is it Special? by Ewoud Hondius A Roadmap to Economic Development through Law: Third Parties and Comparative Legal Culture by Boris Kozolchyk Last Shot vs. Knock Out – Still Battle over the Battle of Forms Under the CISG by Ulrich Magnus Directive 2000/35 of 29 June 2000 on combating late payment in commercial transactions: the period for payment (art. 3.1 b) by Pilar Perales Viscasillas Electronic Communications and Incoterms 2000 by Jan Ramberg Calculation of damages in case of anticipatory breach under the CISG by Peter Schlechtriem Ethical Values and International Sales Contracts by Ingeborg Schwenzer & Benjamin Leisinger The Globalization of Law and its Limitations, with Particular Reference to the Globalization of Commercial Law by Jacob Ziegel

Access to justice, equality before the law, and the rule of law are three fundamental values underpinning the civil justice system. This book examines these values and how, although they do not have great leverage in decision making by the courts, they are a crucial foundation of the civil justice system and a powerful argument for arrangements such as legal aid, the impartial application of law, and the independence of the judiciary. The second theme of this book concerns the role of procedure, often regarded as of secondary importance compared with substantive law. Taking the definition of procedure at its widest, the book discusses Lord Woolf's Inquiry, and demonstrates how procedural reform can maximize a fundamental value like access to justice. This linkage is furthered in a later analysis of access to justice comparatively, in relation to civil and commercial law. Thirdly, the book looks at understanding how law works, and how it could be made to work better, and concludes that this demands both a knowledge of law and of law's context. This theme offers a framework for the book, which then goes on to deal with the machinery of the law, and discusses what the courts do, civil procedure, and the ethics of lawyer's conduct, all in relation to the broader context of access to justice. This broader context of the law is particularly prominent in the latter half of the book which deals with various dimensions of the impact of the law. Including studies of civil and social rights in practice, the role of European law in the destruction of Aboriginal society in Australia, and commercial law in Asia, these examples raise issues about the gap between the law and reality, the potential law has to destroy social patterns, and the relationship between law and economic development. This is a thought-provoking, critical exploration which has much to offer those interested in the operation of the civil justice system.