S. Chakraverty

The uncertainties or randomness of the material properties of structural components are of serious concern to engineers. Structural analysis is usually done by taking into account only deterministic or crisp parameters; however, building materials can have the aspects of uncertainty. The causes of this uncertainty or randomness are defects in atomic configurations, measurement errors, environmental conditions, and other factors. The influence of uncertainties is more profound for nanoscale and microstructures due to their small-scale effects. Several nanoscale experiments and molecular dynamics studies also support the claim of possible attachment of randomness for various parameters. With regard to these concerns, it is necessary to propose new models that specifically integrate and effectively overcome imprecisely defined parameters of the system. Structural Dynamics in Uncertain Environments presents the uncertainty modeling of nanobeams, microbeams, and Funtionally Graded (FG) beams using non-probabilistic approaches which include interval and fuzzy concepts. Vibration and stability analyses of the beams are conducted using different analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical methods for finding exact and/or approximate solutions of governing equations arising in uncertain environments. In this context, this book addresses structural uncertainties and investigates the dynamic behavior of micro-, nano-, and FG beams. Examines the concepts of fuzzy uncertain environments in structural dynamics Presents comprehensive analysis of propagation of uncertainty in vibration and buckling analyses Explains efficient mathematical methods to handle uncertainties in the governing equations

The uncertainties or randomness of the material properties of structural components are of serious concern to engineers. Structural analysis is usually done by taking into account only deterministic or crisp parameters; however, building materials can have the aspects of uncertainty. The causes of this uncertainty or randomness are defects in atomic configurations, measurement errors, environmental conditions, and other factors. The influence of uncertainties is more profound for nanoscale and microstructures due to their small-scale effects. Several nanoscale experiments and molecular dynamics studies also support the claim of possible attachment of randomness for various parameters. With regard to these concerns, it is necessary to propose new models that specifically integrate and effectively overcome imprecisely defined parameters of the system.Structural Dynamics in Uncertain Environments presents the uncertainty modeling of nanobeams, microbeams, and Funtionally Graded (FG) beams using non-probabilistic approaches which include interval and fuzzy concepts. Vibration and stability analyses of the beams are conducted using different analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical methods for finding exact and/or approximate solutions of governing equations arising in uncertain environments. In this context, this book addresses structural uncertainties and investigates the dynamic behavior of micro-, nano-, and FG beams. Examines the concepts of fuzzy uncertain environments in structural dynamicsPresents comprehensive analysis of propagation of uncertainty in vibration and buckling analysesExplains efficient mathematical methods to handle uncertainties in the governing equations

Modelling Invasive Alien Plant Species: Fuzzy Based Uncertainty presents the application of different fuzzy set theory techniques in developing risk assessment models for invasive plant species- those whose introduction and spread outside their natural range threatens local biodiversity. Invasion risk of species is expressed by biological traits which would be considered as the risk factors accompanied with uncertainty and imprecision. The book considers both quantitative and qualitative inputs in modelling the invasive risk by incorporating different mathematical models based on fuzzy set theory operators, interval methods, and fuzzy linguistic operators. The proposed models can be applied for investigating risk of invasive alien plant species in various regions and conditions. Features: Uniquely merges mathematical models with biological expressions. Presents different factor-based models as a case study on the risk of invasive alien plant species. Explains how users can perform primary-level risk assessment through fuzzy modeling techniques.Appropriate for upper-level students, researchers, and practicing professionals, this book shows how conventional approaches such as probability theory can be of limited use to solve issues of uncertainty, and how they fuzzy set theory plays a better role in understanding uncertain system dynamics, such invasive plant modelling.

Modelling Invasive Alien Plant Species: Fuzzy Based Uncertainty presents the application of different fuzzy set theory techniques in developing risk assessment models for invasive plant species- those whose introduction and spread outside their natural range threatens local biodiversity. Invasion risk of species is expressed by biological traits which would be considered as the risk factors accompanied with uncertainty and imprecision. The book considers both quantitative and qualitative inputs in modelling the invasive risk by incorporating different mathematical models based on fuzzy set theory operators, interval methods, and fuzzy linguistic operators. The proposed models can be applied for investigating risk of invasive alien plant species in various regions and conditions. Features: Uniquely merges mathematical models with biological expressions. Presents different factor-based models as a case study on the risk of invasive alien plant species. Explains how users can perform primary-level risk assessment through fuzzy modeling techniques.Appropriate for upper-level students, researchers, and practicing professionals, this book shows how conventional approaches such as probability theory can be of limited use to solve issues of uncertainty, and how they fuzzy set theory plays a better role in understanding uncertain system dynamics, such invasive plant modelling.

This book is designed for a systematic understanding of nuclear diffusion theory along with fuzzy/interval/stochastic uncertainty. This will serve to be a benchmark book for graduate & postgraduate students, teachers, engineers and researchers throughout the globe. In view of the recent developments in nuclear engineering, it is important to study the basic concepts of this field along with the diffusion processes for nuclear reactor design. Also, it is known that uncertainty is a must in every field of engineering and science and, in particular, with regards to nuclear-related problems. As such, one may need to understand the nuclear diffusion principles/theories corresponding with reliable and efficient techniques for the solution of such uncertain problems. Accordingly this book aims to provide a new direction for readers with basic concepts of reactor physics as well as neutron diffusion theory. On the other hand, it also includes uncertainty (in terms of fuzzy, interval, stochastic) and their applications in nuclear diffusion problems in a systematic manner, along with recent developments. The underlying concepts of the presented methods in this book may very well be used/extended to various other engineering disciplines viz. electronics, marine, chemical, mining engineering and other sciences such as physics, chemistry, biotechnology etc. This book then can be widely applied wherever one wants to model their physical problems in terms of non-probabilistic methods viz. fuzzy/stochastic for the true essence of the real problems.

Differential equations play a vital role in the fields of engineering and science. Problems in engineering and science can be modeled using ordinary or partial differential equations. Analytical solutions of differential equations may not be obtained easily, so numerical methods have been developed to handle them. Machine intelligence methods, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), are being used to solve differential equations, and these methods are presented in Artificial Neural Networks for Engineers and Scientists: Solving Ordinary Differential Equations. This book shows how computation of differential equation becomes faster once the ANN model is properly developed and applied.

This book is designed for a systematic understanding of nuclear diffusion theory along with fuzzy/interval/stochastic uncertainty. This will serve to be a benchmark book for graduate & postgraduate students, teachers, engineers and researchers throughout the globe. In view of the recent developments in nuclear engineering, it is important to study the basic concepts of this field along with the diffusion processes for nuclear reactor design. Also, it is known that uncertainty is a must in every field of engineering and science and, in particular, with regards to nuclear-related problems. As such, one may need to understand the nuclear diffusion principles/theories corresponding with reliable and efficient techniques for the solution of such uncertain problems. Accordingly this book aims to provide a new direction for readers with basic concepts of reactor physics as well as neutron diffusion theory. On the other hand, it also includes uncertainty (in terms of fuzzy, interval, stochastic) and their applications in nuclear diffusion problems in a systematic manner, along with recent developments. The underlying concepts of the presented methods in this book may very well be used/extended to various other engineering disciplines viz. electronics, marine, chemical, mining engineering and other sciences such as physics, chemistry, biotechnology etc. This book then can be widely applied wherever one wants to model their physical problems in terms of non-probabilistic methods viz. fuzzy/stochastic for the true essence of the real problems.

Differential equations play a vital role in the modeling of physical and engineering problems, such as those in solid and fluid mechanics, viscoelasticity, biology, physics, and many other areas. In general, the parameters, variables and initial conditions within a model are considered as being defined exactly. In reality there may be only vague, imprecise or incomplete information about the variables and parameters available. This can result from errors in measurement, observation, or experimental data; application of different operating conditions; or maintenance induced errors. To overcome uncertainties or lack of precision, one can use a fuzzy environment in parameters, variables and initial conditions in place of exact (fixed) ones, by turning general differential equations into Fuzzy Differential Equations ("FDEs"). In real applications it can be complicated to obtain exact solution of fuzzy differential equations due to complexities in fuzzy arithmetic, creating the need for use of reliable and efficient numerical techniques in the solution of fuzzy differential equations. These include fuzzy ordinary and partial, fuzzy linear and nonlinear, and fuzzy arbitrary order differential equations.This unique work provides a new direction for the reader in the use of basic concepts of fuzzy differential equations, solutions and its applications. It can serve as an essential reference work for students, scholars, practitioners, researchers and academicians in engineering and science who need to model uncertain physical problems.