A New Ecology
Sven Erik Jørgensen; Brian D. Fath; Simone Bastianoni; Joao C. Marques; Felix Muller; S. Nors Nielsen; Bernard D. Patten; Enzo Tiezzi; Robert E. Ulanowicz
Elsevier Science Ltd
2007
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A New Ecology presents an ecosystem theory based on the following ecosystem properties: physical openness, ontic openness, directionality, connectivity, a complex dynamic for growth and development, and a complex dynamic response to disturbances. Each of these properties is developed in detail to show that these basic and characteristic properties can be applied to explain a wide spectrum of ecological obsevations and convections. It is also shown that the properties have application for environmental management and for assessment of ecosystem health.