Sisir Roy

This book intends to give a systematic exposition of the validity of quantum principles in biological systems. There are two types of applications of quantum theory in physical systems — the 'trivial applications' and 'non-trivial applications'. Since every object in this universe consists of atoms and molecules, they should be described by the laws of quantum theory — which we call trivial applications. On the other hand, there exist some systems where the observational results cannot be explained by the laws of classical physics and this requires a change of paradigm — these are known as non-trivial applications. Many authors pointed out such non-trivial applications of quantum theory to explain how some biological systems function. In this book, we review such kinds of results in a systematic manner which clearly indicates the need to change the paradigm to understand these biological systems better.

This book illustrates the role of randomness and noise in living organisms. Traditionally, the randomness and noise have been used in understanding signal processing in communications. This book is divided into two sections, the first of which introduces readers to the various types and sources of noise and the constructive role of noise in non-linear dynamics. It also analyses the importance of randomness and noise in a variety of science and engineering applications. In turn, the second section discusses in detail the functional role of noise in biological processes for example, in case of brain function at the level of ion channel, synaptic level and even at cognitive level. These are described in various chapters. One of the challenging issue finding the neuronal correlates of various meditative states is to understand how brain controls various types of noise so as to reach a state of synchronized oscillatory state of the brain corresponding to the state of Samadhi. This is described in details in one chapter called Noise, Coherence and meditation. The concept of noise and the role of randomness in living organism raise lot of controversy for last few decades. This is discussed in a separate chapter. Finally, the epistemic and ontic nature of randomness as discussed in physical science are investigated in the context of living organism.

This book illustrates the role of randomness and noise in living organisms. Traditionally, the randomness and noise have been used in understanding signal processing in communications. This book is divided into two sections, the first of which introduces readers to the various types and sources of noise and the constructive role of noise in non-linear dynamics. It also analyses the importance of randomness and noise in a variety of science and engineering applications. In turn, the second section discusses in detail the functional role of noise in biological processes for example, in case of brain function at the level of ion channel, synaptic level and even at cognitive level. These are described in various chapters. One of the challenging issue finding the neuronal correlates of various meditative states is to understand how brain controls various types of noise so as to reach a state of synchronized oscillatory state of the brain corresponding to the state of Samadhi. This is described in details in one chapter called Noise, Coherence and meditation. The concept of noise and the role of randomness in living organism raise lot of controversy for last few decades. This is discussed in a separate chapter. Finally, the epistemic and ontic nature of randomness as discussed in physical science are investigated in the context of living organism.

This book examines issues related to the concepts of space, time and causality in the context of modern physics and ancient Indian traditions. It looks at the similarity and convergence of these concepts of modern physics with those discussed in ancient Indian wisdom. The volume brings the methodologies of empiricism and introspection together to highlight the synergy between these two strands. It discusses wide-ranging themes including the quantum vacuum as ultimate reality, quantum entanglement and metaphysics of relations, identity and individuality, and dark energy and anti-matter as discussed in physics and in Indian philosophical schools like Vedanta, Yoga, Buddhist, Kashmiri Shaivism and Jaina Philosophy.First of its kind, this book will be an essential read for scholars and researches of philosophy, Indian philosophy, philosophy of science, theoretical physics and social science.

This book introduces the concept of bacterial communication systems from a mathematical modeling point of view. It sheds light on the research undertaken in the last three decades, and the mathematical models that have been proposed to understand the underlying mechanism of such systems. These communication systems are related to quorum sensing mechanisms and quorum sensing regulated processes such as biofilm formation, gene expression, bioluminescence, swarming and virulence. The book further describes the phenomenon of noise, and discusses how noise plays a crucial role in gene expression and the quorum sensing circuit operationusing a set of tools like frequency domain analysis, power spectral density, stochastic simulation and the whitening effect. It also explores various aspects of synthetic biology (related to bacterial communication), such as genetic toggle switch, bistable gene regulatory networks, transcriptional repressor systems, pattern formation, syntheticcooperation, predator-prey synthetic systems, dynamical quorum sensing, synchronized quorum of genetic clocks, role of noise in synthetic biology, the Turing test and stochastic Turing test.

This book introduces the concept of bacterial communication systems from a mathematical modeling point of view. It sheds light on the research undertaken in the last three decades, and the mathematical models that have been proposed to understand the underlying mechanism of such systems. These communication systems are related to quorum sensing mechanisms and quorum sensing regulated processes such as biofilm formation, gene expression, bioluminescence, swarming and virulence. The book further describes the phenomenon of noise, and discusses how noise plays a crucial role in gene expression and the quorum sensing circuit operationusing a set of tools like frequency domain analysis, power spectral density, stochastic simulation and the whitening effect. It also explores various aspects of synthetic biology (related to bacterial communication), such as genetic toggle switch, bistable gene regulatory networks, transcriptional repressor systems, pattern formation, syntheticcooperation, predator-prey synthetic systems, dynamical quorum sensing, synchronized quorum of genetic clocks, role of noise in synthetic biology, the Turing test and stochastic Turing test.

This book examines issues related to the concepts of space, time and causality in the context of modern physics and ancient Indian traditions. It looks at the similarity and convergence of these concepts of modern physics with those discussed in ancient Indian wisdom. The volume brings the methodologies of empiricism and introspection together to highlight the synergy between these two strands. It discusses wide-ranging themes including the quantum vacuum as ultimate reality, quantum entanglement and metaphysics of relations, identity and individuality, and dark energy and anti-matter as discussed in physics and in Indian philosophical schools like Vedanta, Yoga, Buddhist, Kashmiri Shaivism and Jaina Philosophy.First of its kind, this book will be an essential read for scholars and researches of philosophy, Indian philosophy, philosophy of science, theoretical physics and social science.

This book discusses the paradigm of quantum ontology as an appropriate model for measuring cognitive processes. It clearly shows the inadequacy of the application of classical probability theory in modelling the human cognitive domain. The chapters investigate the context dependence and neuronal basis of cognition in a coherent manner. According to this framework, epistemological issues related to decision making and state of mind are seen to be similar to issues related to equanimity and neutral mind, as discussed in Buddhist perspective. The author states that quantum ontology as a modelling tool will help scientists create new methodologies of modelling in other streams of science as well.

This book discusses the paradigm of quantum ontology as an appropriate model for measuring cognitive processes. It clearly shows the inadequacy of the application of classical probability theory in modelling the human cognitive domain. The chapters investigate the context dependence and neuronal basis of cognition in a coherent manner. According to this framework, epistemological issues related to decision making and state of mind are seen to be similar to issues related to equanimity and neutral mind, as discussed in Buddhist perspective. The author states that quantum ontology as a modelling tool will help scientists create new methodologies of modelling in other streams of science as well.

This book presents extended forms of the Maxwell equations as well as electromagnetic fields, based on a non-zero divergence of the electric field and a non-zero electric conductivity in vacuo. These approaches, which predict new features of the electromagnetic field, such as the existence of both longitudinal and transverse solutions, the existence of space-charge current in vacuo, and steady electromagnetic equilibria, have possible applications to charge and neutral leptons and new photon physics. The present theory can also clear up some unsolved problems, such as the total reflection of light at the interface between a vacuum and a dissipative medium, and the appearance of an angular momentum of the photon, thereby leading to a rest mass and an axial magnetic field component of the photon. This axial magnetic field component may be related to the B(3) field proposed by Evans and Vigier. A new gauge condition has been proposed to maintain consistency of the theory with the non-zero photon mass. Several consequences of the non-zero mass of the photon are also discussed, especially in the astrophysical context.