Sivakumar Manickam

Sonochemical Synthesis of Natural Products and Heterocycles of Pharmaceutical Importance: Strategy Towards a Sustainable Society presents a detailed examination of sonochemistry and the practical use of ultrasound in modern organic synthesis. The book explores how ultrasonic activation leads to more efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally-friendly methodologies for synthesizing natural products and heterocycles. Through its comprehensive and methodical approach, the text outlines advances in green chemistry and sustainable practices, making it a valuable resource for professionals and researchers in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry working toward ecological solutions and innovation in compound development. In addition to foundational concepts, the book provides case studies and detailed illustrations that guide readers through synthesizing N-, O-, and S-heterocycles, as well as total and semisynthesis of bioactive compounds. It covers sonochemical reactions under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions, the use of aqueous media as a green solvent, and the application of nanoparticles as catalysts. The book also addresses drug design, synthesis, and the intersection of ultrasound technology with pharmaceutical and environmental chemistry, offering practical methodologies and insights for both academic and industry audiences.

Semisynthesis of Bioactive Compounds and their Biological Activities explores the potential benefits of semisynthetic derivatives obtained from nature. Sections cover the natural distribution of parent compounds, semisynthesis and biological properties of semisynthetic derivatives, the applications of semisynthetic derivatives in diverse fields such as drug delivery, food production and medicine, an explanation of the current resistance mechanisms of antibiotics, clinical applications of semisynthetic analogues, the functions of plant alkaloids on human health, potential agricultural biotechnology in semisynthetic derivatives, and semisynthesis of natural products under greener conditions, this book provides a comprehensive resource on the topics presented. Sections include information about alternative sources of energy and superior greener technologies (microwave, sonochemistry), alternative reaction media (water, supercritical CO2, ionic liquids) and alternative eco-friendly catalysts (biocatalysts). This book will be an excellent resource for academicians, researchers and students focusing on synthesis as well as the biological community and industry professionals in drug development.

This SpringerBrief provides an overview of ultrasonic emulsification and an update on recent advances in developing stable emulsions for the creation of novel drugs and functional foods, with a focus on bioactive delivery in these products.Emulsification is the process of combining two or more immiscible liquids to form a semi-stable mixture. These two liquids generally consist of an organic (oil) phase and an aqueous (water) phase that is stabilized by the addition of an emulsifier. Most common emulsions are of the oil-in-water (O/W) type, but can also be of water-in-oil (W/O) or even multiple emulsion types (i.e. double emulsions) in the form of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) or oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) phases. The formation of an emulsion requires input of energy to distribute the disperse phase in the continuous phase in small-sized droplets that are able to resist instability. There is great interest in the use of ultrasound to produce emulsions, as it is able to do sorelatively efficiently and effectively compared to existing techniques such as rotor stator, high-pressure homogenization and microfluidization. The interaction of ultrasound with the hydrocolloids and biopolymers that are often used to stabilize emulsions can offer advantages such as improved stability or greater control of formed droplet size distributions.