Suresh Kumar

One of the most important quantities characterizing a liquid metal is the static structure factor, S(k), i.e., the Fourier transforms of the pair correlation function g(r). A detailed knowledge of this quantity is essential for a quantitative understanding not only of the structure of fluid but also of numerous other properties of liquid metals and their alloys. There is an increasing need for understanding the various properties of metals, oxides and salts in the liquid state, because of their important role in metallurgical processes. The main problem in studying the properties of liquid metals is the non-availability of the exact interatomic potential. There are great uncertainties associated with the ab initio calculations of liquid metal interactions. Thus, although we can borrow the techniques of classical statistical mechanics, up to some extent, but unsure of the potential to which they are to be applied. The objective of this work is to determine the static structure factor for some liquid metals described in the long-wavelength limit and then its corresponding structure factor.

Answering the need for fabrication specifications and analytical standards, this volume is the first complete source of information on the Kelvin probe. In surface engineering, the probe is considered the most powerful non-destructive technique used to understand active and passive surfaces and interfaces. While the equipment can be easily fabricated, until now engineers have lacked ready access to what this text provides: systematic documentation on design and fabrication. Just as significantly, this authoritative volume also explains how to interpret Kelvin probe data. It guides readers through the basics of design and builds their capacity for analysis through the use of case studies.