Timothy E G Bartel

Christian poetry was born at the crossroads of the Greek, Hebrew, Roman, and Syrian cultures of late antiquity. Pioneered by poets like Ephrem the Syrian, Gregory Nazianzus, and Prudentius, a uniquely Christian poetry--and poetics--has flourished across history into the twenty-first century. In this series of essays, poet and literary scholar Timothy E. G. Bartel explores the often-overlooked genesis of Christian poetry in the fourth century AD, with a special emphasis on the poetics and cultural-theological vision of St. Gregory Nazianzus. Bartel then traces the influence of the inventors of Christian poetry to poets of more recent centuries, including Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, T. S. Eliot, C. S. Lewis, and Scott Cairns. It is in these poets of the last three centuries that we see the continual outworking of the ancient Christian poetic project and a blueprint for the future of a literature that continues to learn from the church fathers and the theological traditions of Christianity.

Christian poetry was born at the crossroads of the Greek, Hebrew, Roman, and Syrian cultures of late antiquity. Pioneered by poets like Ephrem the Syrian, Gregory Nazianzus, and Prudentius, a uniquely Christian poetry--and poetics--has flourished across history into the twenty-first century. In this series of essays, poet and literary scholar Timothy E. G. Bartel explores the often-overlooked genesis of Christian poetry in the fourth century AD, with a special emphasis on the poetics and cultural-theological vision of St. Gregory Nazianzus. Bartel then traces the influence of the inventors of Christian poetry to poets of more recent centuries, including Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, T. S. Eliot, C. S. Lewis, and Scott Cairns. It is in these poets of the last three centuries that we see the continual outworking of the ancient Christian poetic project and a blueprint for the future of a literature that continues to learn from the church fathers and the theological traditions of Christianity.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poems are filled with powerful heroines, from Evangeline, the exiled wanderer, to Vittoria Colonna, the aging genius of the Italian renaissance. In The Heroines of Henry Longfellow: Domestic, Defiant, Divine, Timothy E. G. Bartel provides a survey of Longfellow’s major heroines, placing them in the context of Longfellow’s body of work and the poet’s interests in theology, politics, and history. Though Longfellow’s heroines have sometimes been dismissed as mere domestic caricatures, Bartel argues that Longfellow’s heroines are nothing of the sort. Instead, they provide us with unique pictures of how one’s individual talents and desires can be harmonized with the Christian ideals of communal justice, ethical living, and ultimate union with the Divine.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Evangeline was a bestseller in nineteenth-century America, inspiring generations of readers with a heroine who overcomes colonial violence and exile in her romantic and spiritual quest across America. Long ignored by modernist scholars, Evangeline is finally getting the critical attention it deserves. Drawing on original research in Longfellow's scholarly manuscripts, Bartel explores the theological sources and spiritual world of Evangeline, arguing that Longfellow was inspired by the church fathers to craft Evangeline into a heroine who uniquely exemplifies, in her epic quest, the ancient Christian doctrines of deification and divine light. Bartel's Glimpses of Her Father's Glory returns Evangeline to its rightful place as a major poem of American literature, one that takes as its theme nothing less than the ultimate purpose of human existence. ""Evangeline is one of the neglected masterpieces of American literature. It not only presents a compelling story told in language of astonishing beauty--the meter of Homer and Virgil truly brought to life in English for the first time--Evangeline is also a tale of deep moral, political, and theological depth. In our age of political refugees and religious persecution, these issues remain terrifyingly relevant. How good to see Timothy Bartel dig into the theological sources and implications of Longfellow's North American epic."" --Dana Gioia, author of Pity the Beautiful ""Focusing on Longfellow's interest in patristics, Timothy Bartel's new work also contributes to the recent rediscovery of Longfellow as a wonderfully learned, deeply reflective, and inevitably cosmopolitan poet."" --Christoph Irmscher, author of Longfellow Redux Timothy E. G. Bartel is assistant professor of Great Texts & Writing at The College at Saint Constantine. He holds a PhD in Divinity from University of St Andrews, and an MFA in Poetry from Seattle Pacific University. He is the author of Arroyos: Sijo and Other Poems (2015) and Aflame But Unconsumed: Poems (2019). . His essays and poems have appeared in Christianity and Literature, Notes & Queries, and Saint Katherine Review.