Tyrone Fernando

This book describes how dynamic state estimation application in wide-area measurement systems (WAMS) are crucial for power system reliability, to acquire precisely power system dynamics. The event trigger DSE techniques described by the authors provide a design balance between the communication rate and estimation performance, by selectively sending the innovational data. The discussion also includes practical problems for smart grid applications, such as the non-Gaussian process/measurement noise, packet dropout, computation burden of accurate DSE, robustness to the system variation, etc. Readers will learn how the event trigger DSE can facilitate the effective reduction of communication rates, with guaranteed accuracy under a variety of practical conditions in smart grid applications.

This book describes how dynamic state estimation application in wide-area measurement systems (WAMS) are crucial for power system reliability, to acquire precisely power system dynamics. The event trigger DSE techniques described by the authors provide a design balance between the communication rate and estimation performance, by selectively sending the innovational data. The discussion also includes practical problems for smart grid applications, such as the non-Gaussian process/measurement noise, packet dropout, computation burden of accurate DSE, robustness to the system variation, etc. Readers will learn how the event trigger DSE can facilitate the effective reduction of communication rates, with guaranteed accuracy under a variety of practical conditions in smart grid applications.

The theory of linear functional observers, which is the subject of this book, is increasingly becoming a popular researched topic because of the many advantages it presents in state observation and control system design. This book presents recent information on the current state of the art research in this field. This book will serve as a useful reference to researchers in this area of research to understand the fundamental concepts relevant to the theory of functional observers and to gather most recent advancements in the field. This book is useful to academics and postgraduate students researching into the theory of linear functional observers. This book can also be useful for specialized final year undergraduate courses in control systems engineering and applied mathematics with a research focus.

The theory of linear functional observers, which is the subject of this book, is increasingly becoming a popular researched topic because of the many advantages it presents in state observation and control system design. This book presents recent information on the current state of the art research in this field. This book will serve as a useful reference to researchers in this area of research to understand the fundamental concepts relevant to the theory of functional observers and to gather most recent advancements in the field. This book is useful to academics and postgraduate students researching into the theory of linear functional observers. This book can also be useful for specialized final year undergraduate courses in control systems engineering and applied mathematics with a research focus.

Diabetes is a disease that is now regarded an epidemic in the world and a sign- icant e?ort is directed towards ?nding better ways to manage diabetes. Keeping bloodglucoselevelsasclosetonormalaspossible,leadstoasubstantialdecrease in long term complications of diabetes and can bring signi?cant cost reductions associated with the disease. Traditionally, managing diabetes has been through intermittent monitoring of blood glucose and then administering an appropriate dose of insulin into the blood stream. This method of intermittent monitoring and administration of insulin cannot ensure blood glucose remains at near n- mal levels at all times and therefore, there is considerable interest in managing diabetes on a continuous basis. The development of arti?cial organs/apparatus that regulate human’s blood glucose level has been in progress since 1960. The aim was to measure blood glucose level ex vivo and then injecting an appropriate amount of insulin to the hyperglycaemic patient, thereby correcting the high glucose level. This aim of closing the “loop” is still being challenged by technological barriers even today, and progress are being made constantly both in overcoming the challenges and understanding more about the workings of glucose-regulatory system. The purpose of this book is to introduce the ?eld of closed-loop blood g- cose control, in a simple manner, to the reader. This includes the hardware and software components that make up the control system (see Chapter 2). The hardware components involved the di?erent types of glucose sensor (- vasive, minimally-invasive and non-invasive) and the di?erent types of insulin.