William P. Fox

Probability and statistics courses are more popular than ever. Regardless of your major or your profession, you will most likely use concepts from probability and statistics often in your career. The primary goal behind this book is offering the flexibility for instructors to build most undergraduate courses upon it. This book is designed for either a one-semester course in either introductory probability and statistics (not calculus-based) and/or a one-semester course in a calculus-based probability and statistics course. The book focuses on engineering examples and applications, while also including social sciences and more examples. Depending on the chapter flows, a course can be tailored for students at all levels and background. Over many years of teaching this course, the authors created problems based on real data, student projects, and labs. Students have suggested these enhance their experience and learning. The authors hope to share projects and labs with other instructors and students to make the course more interesting for both. R is an excellent platform to use. This book uses R with real data sets. The labs can be used for group work, in class, or for self-directed study. These project labs have been class-tested for many years with good results and encourage students to apply the key concepts and use of technology to analyze and present results.

This book presents an opportunity to learn difference and differential equations through a modeling-first approach. The text is meant as an introduction to those equations and not as a text only for modeling courses. No previous exposure to these equations is expected. Modeling in Introduction to Differential and Difference Equations through Modeling is presented as the vehicle for learning difference and differential equations.Although the topics in difference and differential equations are consistent with those in other textbooks, this approach differs. The presentation starts with a model (or several models) and offers the solution with minor discussions. Then, methods to obtain those solutions are presented and show these same models and others again in more detail.This approach is designed to focus on the use of difference and differential equations to solve real-world problems, and to learn not only these primary topics, but how to apply these through modeling.The authors begin with a review of matrix algebra, then an introduction to modeling. The text progresses to discrete dynamical systems, and then to the standard organization of most differential equation texts, making the alignment with a current syllabus easier.Technology is a significant modeling component. Excel®, Python®, and Maple® are presented as methods to solving the models. This material has been class tested at the US Military Academy at West Point, Marian University, the College of William & Mary, and the Naval Postgraduate School with great success.

This unique book presents decision analysis in the context of mathematical modeling and game theory. The author emphasizes and focuses on the model formulation and modeling-building skills required for decision analysis, as well as the technology to support the analysis.The primary objective of Decision Analysis through Modeling and Game Theory is illustrative in nature. It sets the tone through the introduction to mathematical modeling. The text provides a process for formally thinking about the problem and illustrates many scenarios and illustrative examples.These techniques and this approach center on the fact (a) decision makers at all levels must be exposed to the tools and techniques available to help them in the decision process, (b) decision makers as well as analysts need to have and use technology to assist in the entire analysis process, (c) the interpretation and explanation of the results are crucial to understanding the strengths and limitations of modeling, and (d) the interpretation and use of sensitivity analysis is essential.The book begins with a look at decision-making methods, including probability and statistics methods under risk of uncertainty. It moves to linear programming and multi-attribute decision-making methods with a discussion of weighting methods. Game theory is introduced through conflict games and zero-sum or constant-sum games. Nash equilibriums are next, followed by utility theory. Evolutionary stable strategies lead to Nash arbitration and cooperation methods and N-person methods presented for both total and partial conflict games.Several real-life examples and case studies using game theory are used throughout. This book would be best used for a senior-level course in mathematics, operations research, or graduate-level courses or decision modeling courses offered in business schools. The book will be of interest to departments offering mathematical modeling courses with any emphasis on modeling for decision making.

This unique book presents decision analysis in the context of mathematical modeling and game theory. The author emphasizes and focuses on the model formulation and modeling-building skills required for decision analysis, as well as the technology to support the analysis.The primary objective of Decision Analysis through Modeling and Game Theory is illustrative in nature. It sets the tone through the introduction to mathematical modeling. The text provides a process for formally thinking about the problem and illustrates many scenarios and illustrative examples.These techniques and this approach center on the fact (a) decision makers at all levels must be exposed to the tools and techniques available to help them in the decision process, (b) decision makers as well as analysts need to have and use technology to assist in the entire analysis process, (c) the interpretation and explanation of the results are crucial to understanding the strengths and limitations of modeling, and (d) the interpretation and use of sensitivity analysis is essential.The book begins with a look at decision-making methods, including probability and statistics methods under risk of uncertainty. It moves to linear programming and multi-attribute decision-making methods with a discussion of weighting methods. Game theory is introduced through conflict games and zero-sum or constant-sum games. Nash equilibriums are next, followed by utility theory. Evolutionary stable strategies lead to Nash arbitration and cooperation methods and N-person methods presented for both total and partial conflict games.Several real-life examples and case studies using game theory are used throughout. This book would be best used for a senior-level course in mathematics, operations research, or graduate-level courses or decision modeling courses offered in business schools. The book will be of interest to departments offering mathematical modeling courses with any emphasis on modeling for decision making.

This book provides sample exercises, techniques, and solutions to employ mathematical modeling to solve problems in Operations Research and Business Analytics. Each chapter begins with a scenario and includes exercises built on realistic problems faced by managers and others working in operations research, business analytics, and other fields employing applied mathematics. A set of assumptions is presented, and then a model is formulated. A solution is offered, followed by examples of how that model can be used to address related issues.Key elements of this book include the most common problems the authors have encountered over research and while consulting the fields including inventory theory, facilities' location, linear and integer programming, assignment, transportation and shipping, critical path, dynamic programming, queuing models, simulation models, reliability of system, multi-attribute decision-making, and game theory.In the hands of an experienced professional, mathematical modeling can be a powerful tool. This book presents situations and models to help both professionals and students learn to employ these techniques to improve outcomes and to make addressing real business problems easier. The book is essential for all managers and others who would use mathematics to improve their problem-solving techniques.No previous exposure to mathematical modeling is required. The book can then be used for a first course on modeling, or by those with more experience who want to refresh their memories when they find themselves facing real-world problems. The problems chosen are presented to represent those faced by practitioners.The authors have been teaching mathematical modeling to students and professionals for nearly 40 years. This book is presented to offer their experience and techniques to instructors, students, and professionals.

This book provides sample exercises, techniques, and solutions to employ mathematical modeling to solve problems in Operations Research and Business Analytics. Each chapter begins with a scenario and includes exercises built on realistic problems faced by managers and others working in operations research, business analytics, and other fields employing applied mathematics. A set of assumptions is presented, and then a model is formulated. A solution is offered, followed by examples of how that model can be used to address related issues.Key elements of this book include the most common problems the authors have encountered over research and while consulting the fields including inventory theory, facilities' location, linear and integer programming, assignment, transportation and shipping, critical path, dynamic programming, queuing models, simulation models, reliability of system, multi-attribute decision-making, and game theory.In the hands of an experienced professional, mathematical modeling can be a powerful tool. This book presents situations and models to help both professionals and students learn to employ these techniques to improve outcomes and to make addressing real business problems easier. The book is essential for all managers and others who would use mathematics to improve their problem-solving techniques.No previous exposure to mathematical modeling is required. The book can then be used for a first course on modeling, or by those with more experience who want to refresh their memories when they find themselves facing real-world problems. The problems chosen are presented to represent those faced by practitioners.The authors have been teaching mathematical modeling to students and professionals for nearly 40 years. This book is presented to offer their experience and techniques to instructors, students, and professionals.

Mathematical modeling is a powerful craft that requires practice. The more practice the better one will become in executing the art. The authors wrote this book to develop the craft of mathematical modeling and to foster a desire for lifelong learning, habits of mind and develop competent and confident problem solvers and decision makers for the 21st century. This book offers a problem-solving approach. The authors introduce a problem to help motivate the learning of a particular mathematical modeling topic. The problem provides the issue or what is needed to solve using an appropriate modeling technique. Then principles are applied to the problem and present the steps in obtaining an appropriate model to solve the problem. Modeling Change and Uncertainty: Covers both linear and nonlinear models of discrete dynamical systems. Introduces statistics and probability modeling. Introduces critical statistical concepts to handle univariate and multivariate data. Establishes a foundation in probability modeling. Uses ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to develop a more robust solution to problems. Uses linear programming and machine learning to support decision making. Introduces the reality of uncertainty and randomness that is all around us. Discusses the use of linear programing to solve common problems in modern industry. Discusses he power and limitations of simulations.Introduces the methods and formulas used in businesses and financial organizations. Introduces valuable techniques using Excel, MAPLE, and R. Mathematical modeling offers a framework for decision makers in all fields. This framework consists of four key components: the formulation process, the solution process, interpretation of the solution in the context of the actual problem, and sensitivity analysis.Modeling Change and Uncertainty will be of interest to mathematics departments offering advanced mathematical modeling courses focused on decision making or discrete mathematical modeling and by undergraduate, graduate students and practitioners looking for an opportunity to develop, practice, and apply the craft of mathematical modeling.

Mathematical modeling is both a skill and an art and must be practiced in order to maintain and enhance the ability to use those skills. Though the topics covered in this book are the typical topics of most mathematical modeling courses, this book is best used for individuals or groups who have already taken an introductory mathematical modeling course. Advanced Mathematical Modeling with Technology will be of interest to instructors and students offering courses focused on discrete modeling or modeling for decision making.Each chapter begins with a problem to motivate the reader. The problem tells "what" the issue is or problem that needs to be solved. In each chapter, the authors apply the principles of mathematical modeling to that problem and present the steps in obtaining a model. The key focus is the mathematical model and the technology is presented as a method to solve that model or perform sensitivity analysis. We have selected , where applicable to the content because of their wide accessibility. The authors utilize technology to build, compute, or implement the model and then analyze the it. Features: MAPLE©, Excel©, and R© to support the mathematical modeling process. Excel templates, macros, and programs are available upon request from authors. Maple templates and example solution are also available. Includes coverage of mathematical programming. The power and limitations of simulations is covered. Introduces multi-attribute decision making (MADM) and game theory for solving problems.The book provides an overview to the decision maker of the wide range of applications of quantitative approaches to aid in the decision making process, and present a framework for decision making.

Optimization is the act of obtaining the "best" result under given circumstances. In design, construction, and maintenance of any engineering system, engineers must make technological and managerial decisions to minimize either the effort or cost required or to maximize benefits. There is no single method available for solving all optimization problems efficiently. Several optimization methods have been developed for different types of problems. The optimum-seeking methods are mathematical programming techniques (specifically, nonlinear programming techniques).Nonlinear Optimization: Models and Applications presents the concepts in several ways to foster understanding. Geometric interpretation: is used to re-enforce the concepts and to foster understanding of the mathematical procedures. The student sees that many problems can be analyzed, and approximate solutions found before analytical solutions techniques are applied. Numerical approximations: early on, the student is exposed to numerical techniques. These numerical procedures are algorithmic and iterative. Worksheets are provided in Excel, MATLAB®, and Maple™ to facilitate the procedure. Algorithms: all algorithms are provided with a step-by-step format. Examples follow the summary to illustrate its use and application. Nonlinear Optimization: Models and Applications: Emphasizes process and interpretation throughout Presents a general classification of optimization problems Addresses situations that lead to models illustrating many types of optimization problems Emphasizes model formulations Addresses a special class of problems that can be solved using only elementary calculus Emphasizes model solution and model sensitivity analysisAbout the author:William P. Fox is an emeritus professor in the Department of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School. He received his Ph.D. at Clemson University and has taught at the United States Military Academy and at Francis Marion University where he was the chair of mathematics. He has written many publications, including over 20 books and over 150 journal articles. Currently, he is an adjunct professor in the Department of Mathematics at the College of William and Mary. He is the emeritus director of both the High School Mathematical Contest in Modeling and the Mathematical Contest in Modeling.

What sets Numerical Methods and Analysis with Mathematical Modelling apart are the modelling aspects utilizing numerical analysis (methods) to obtain solutions. The authors cover first the basic numerical analysis methods with simple examples to illustrate the techniques and discuss possible errors. The modelling prospective reveals the practical relevance of the numerical methods in context to real-world problems.At the core of this text are the real-world modelling projects. Chapters are introduced and techniques are discussed with common examples. A modelling scenario is introduced that will be solved with these techniques later in the chapter. Often, the modelling problems require more than one previously covered technique presented in the book.Fundamental exercises to practice the techniques are included. Multiple modelling scenarios per numerical methods illustrate the applications of the techniques introduced. Each chapter has several modelling examples that are solved by the methods described within the chapter.The use of technology is instrumental in numerical analysis and numerical methods. In this text, Maple, Excel, R, and Python are illustrated. The goal is not to teach technology but to illustrate its power and limitations to perform algorithms and reach conclusions.This book fulfills a need in the education of all students who plan to use technology to solve problems whether using physical models or true creative mathematical modeling, like discrete dynamical systems.

What sets Numerical Methods and Analysis with Mathematical Modelling apart are the modelling aspects utilizing numerical analysis (methods) to obtain solutions. The authors cover first the basic numerical analysis methods with simple examples to illustrate the techniques and discuss possible errors. The modelling prospective reveals the practical relevance of the numerical methods in context to real-world problems.At the core of this text are the real-world modelling projects. Chapters are introduced and techniques are discussed with common examples. A modelling scenario is introduced that will be solved with these techniques later in the chapter. Often, the modelling problems require more than one previously covered technique presented in the book.Fundamental exercises to practice the techniques are included. Multiple modelling scenarios per numerical methods illustrate the applications of the techniques introduced. Each chapter has several modelling examples that are solved by the methods described within the chapter.The use of technology is instrumental in numerical analysis and numerical methods. In this text, Maple, Excel, R, and Python are illustrated. The goal is not to teach technology but to illustrate its power and limitations to perform algorithms and reach conclusions.This book fulfills a need in the education of all students who plan to use technology to solve problems whether using physical models or true creative mathematical modeling, like discrete dynamical systems.

Advanced Problem Solving Using Maple™: Applied Mathematics, Operations Research, Business Analytics, and Decision Analysis applies the mathematical modeling process by formulating, building, solving, analyzing, and criticizing mathematical models. Scenarios are developed within the scope of the problem-solving process.The text focuses on discrete dynamical systems, optimization techniques, single-variable unconstrained optimization and applied problems, and numerical search methods. Additional coverage includes multivariable unconstrained and constrained techniques. Linear algebra techniques to model and solve problems such as the Leontief model, and advanced regression techniques including nonlinear, logistics, and Poisson are covered. Game theory, the Nash equilibrium, and Nash arbitration are also included.Features: The text’s case studies and student projects involve students with real-world problem solving Focuses on numerical solution techniques in dynamical systems, optimization, and numerical analysis The numerical procedures discussed in the text are algorithmic and iterative Maple is utilized throughout the text as a tool for computation and analysis All algorithms are provided with step-by-step formats About the Authors:William P. Fox is an emeritus professor in the Department of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School. Currently, he is an adjunct professor, Department of Mathematics, the College of William and Mary. He received his PhD at Clemson University and has many publications and scholarly activities including twenty books and over one hundred and fifty journal articles.William C. Bauldry, Prof. Emeritus and Adjunct Research Prof. of Mathematics at Appalachian State University, received his PhD in Approximation Theory from Ohio State. He has published many papers on pedagogy and technology, often using Maple, and has been the PI of several NSF-funded projects incorporating technology and modeling into math courses. He currently serves as Associate Director of COMAP’s Math Contest in Modeling (MCM).

Problem Solving is essential to solve real-world problems. Advanced Problem Solving with Maple: A First Course applies the mathematical modeling process by formulating, building, solving, analyzing, and criticizing mathematical models. It is intended for a course introducing students to mathematical topics they will revisit within their further studies. The authors present mathematical modeling and problem-solving topics using Maple as the computer algebra system for mathematical explorations, as well as obtaining plots that help readers perform analyses. The book presents cogent applications that demonstrate an effective use of Maple, provide discussions of the results obtained using Maple, and stimulate thought and analysis of additional applications.Highlights: The book’s real-world case studies prepare the student for modeling applications Bridges the study of topics and applications to various fields of mathematics, science, and engineering Features a flexible format and tiered approach offers courses for students at various levels The book can be used for students with only algebra or calculus behind them About the authors:Dr. William P. Fox is an emeritus professor in the Department of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School. Currently, he is an adjunct professor, Department of Mathematics, the College of William and Mary. He received his Ph.D. at Clemson University and has many publications and scholarly activities including twenty books and over one hundred and fifty journal articles. William C. Bauldry, Prof. Emeritus and Adjunct Research Prof. of Mathematics at Appalachian State University, received his PhD in Approximation Theory from Ohio State. He has published many papers on pedagogy and technology, often using Maple, and has been the PI of several NSF-funded projects incorporating technology and modeling into math courses. He currently serves as Associate Director of COMAP’s Math Contest in Modeling (MCM).*Please note that the Maple package, "PSM", is now on the public area of the Maple Cloud. To access it:• From the web:1. Go to the website https://maple.cloud2. Click on "packages" in the left navigation pane3. Click on "PSM" in the list of packages.4. Click the "Download" button to capture the package.• From Maple:1. Click on the Maple Cloud icon (far right in the Maple window toolbar). Or click on the Maple Cloud button on Maple's Start page to go to the website.2. Click on the "packages" in the navigation pane3. Click on "PSM" in the list of packages.The package then downloads into Maple directly.

This text presents a wide variety of common types of models found in other mathematical modeling texts, as well as some new types. However, the models are presented in a very unique format. A typical section begins with a general description of the scenario being modeled. The model is then built using the appropriate mathematical tools. Then it is implemented and analyzed in Excel via step-by-step instructions. In the exercises, we ask students to modify or refine the existing model, analyze it further, or adapt it to similar scenarios.

Mathematical modeling is a powerful craft that requires practice. The more practice the better one will become in executing the art. The authors wrote this book to develop the craft of mathematical modeling and to foster a desire for lifelong learning, habits of mind and develop competent and confident problem solvers and decision makers for the 21st century. This book offers a problem-solving approach. The authors introduce a problem to help motivate the learning of a particular mathematical modeling topic. The problem provides the issue or what is needed to solve using an appropriate modeling technique. Then principles are applied to the problem and present the steps in obtaining an appropriate model to solve the problem. Modeling Change and Uncertainty: Covers both linear and nonlinear models of discrete dynamical systems. Introduces statistics and probability modeling. Introduces critical statistical concepts to handle univariate and multivariate data. Establishes a foundation in probability modeling. Uses ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to develop a more robust solution to problems. Uses linear programming and machine learning to support decision making. Introduces the reality of uncertainty and randomness that is all around us. Discusses the use of linear programing to solve common problems in modern industry. Discusses he power and limitations of simulations.Introduces the methods and formulas used in businesses and financial organizations. Introduces valuable techniques using Excel, MAPLE, and R. Mathematical modeling offers a framework for decision makers in all fields. This framework consists of four key components: the formulation process, the solution process, interpretation of the solution in the context of the actual problem, and sensitivity analysis.Modeling Change and Uncertainty will be of interest to mathematics departments offering advanced mathematical modeling courses focused on decision making or discrete mathematical modeling and by undergraduate, graduate students and practitioners looking for an opportunity to develop, practice, and apply the craft of mathematical modeling.

One cannot watch or read about the news these days without hearing about the models for COVID-19 or the testing that must occur to approve vaccines or treatments for the disease.The purpose of Mathematical Modeling in the Age of a Pandemic is to shed some light on the meaning and interpretations of many of the types of models that are or might be used in the presentation of analysis. Understanding the concepts presented is essential in the entire modeling process of a pandemic.From the virus itself and its infectious rates and deaths rates to explain the process for testing a vaccine or eventually a cure, the author builds, presents, and shows model testing. This book is an attempt, based on available data, to add some validity to the models developed and used, showing how close to reality the models are to predicting "results" from previous pandemics such as the Spanish flu in 1918 and more recently the Hong Kong flu. Then the author applies those same models to Italy, New York City, and the United States as a whole. Modeling is a process. It is essential to understand that there are many assumptions that go into the modeling of each type of model. The assumptions influence the interpretation of the results. Regardless of the modeling approach the results generally indicate approximately the same results. This book reveals how these interesting results are obtained.

One cannot watch or read about the news these days without hearing about the models for COVID-19 or the testing that must occur to approve vaccines or treatments for the disease.The purpose of Mathematical Modeling in the Age of a Pandemic is to shed some light on the meaning and interpretations of many of the types of models that are or might be used in the presentation of analysis. Understanding the concepts presented is essential in the entire modeling process of a pandemic.From the virus itself and its infectious rates and deaths rates to explain the process for testing a vaccine or eventually a cure, the author builds, presents, and shows model testing. This book is an attempt, based on available data, to add some validity to the models developed and used, showing how close to reality the models are to predicting "results" from previous pandemics such as the Spanish flu in 1918 and more recently the Hong Kong flu. Then the author applies those same models to Italy, New York City, and the United States as a whole. Modeling is a process. It is essential to understand that there are many assumptions that go into the modeling of each type of model. The assumptions influence the interpretation of the results. Regardless of the modeling approach the results generally indicate approximately the same results. This book reveals how these interesting results are obtained.

Mathematical modeling is both a skill and an art and must be practiced in order to maintain and enhance the ability to use those skills. Though the topics covered in this book are the typical topics of most mathematical modeling courses, this book is best used for individuals or groups who have already taken an introductory mathematical modeling course. Advanced Mathematical Modeling with Technology will be of interest to instructors and students offering courses focused on discrete modeling or modeling for decision making.Each chapter begins with a problem to motivate the reader. The problem tells "what" the issue is or problem that needs to be solved. In each chapter, the authors apply the principles of mathematical modeling to that problem and present the steps in obtaining a model. The key focus is the mathematical model and the technology is presented as a method to solve that model or perform sensitivity analysis. We have selected , where applicable to the content because of their wide accessibility. The authors utilize technology to build, compute, or implement the model and then analyze the it. Features: MAPLE©, Excel©, and R© to support the mathematical modeling process. Excel templates, macros, and programs are available upon request from authors. Maple templates and example solution are also available. Includes coverage of mathematical programming. The power and limitations of simulations is covered. Introduces multi-attribute decision making (MADM) and game theory for solving problems.The book provides an overview to the decision maker of the wide range of applications of quantitative approaches to aid in the decision making process, and present a framework for decision making.

Optimization is the act of obtaining the "best" result under given circumstances. In design, construction, and maintenance of any engineering system, engineers must make technological and managerial decisions to minimize either the effort or cost required or to maximize benefits. There is no single method available for solving all optimization problems efficiently. Several optimization methods have been developed for different types of problems. The optimum-seeking methods are mathematical programming techniques (specifically, nonlinear programming techniques).Nonlinear Optimization: Models and Applications presents the concepts in several ways to foster understanding. Geometric interpretation: is used to re-enforce the concepts and to foster understanding of the mathematical procedures. The student sees that many problems can be analyzed, and approximate solutions found before analytical solutions techniques are applied. Numerical approximations: early on, the student is exposed to numerical techniques. These numerical procedures are algorithmic and iterative. Worksheets are provided in Excel, MATLAB®, and Maple™ to facilitate the procedure. Algorithms: all algorithms are provided with a step-by-step format. Examples follow the summary to illustrate its use and application. Nonlinear Optimization: Models and Applications: Emphasizes process and interpretation throughout Presents a general classification of optimization problems Addresses situations that lead to models illustrating many types of optimization problems Emphasizes model formulations Addresses a special class of problems that can be solved using only elementary calculus Emphasizes model solution and model sensitivity analysisAbout the author:William P. Fox is an emeritus professor in the Department of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School. He received his Ph.D. at Clemson University and has taught at the United States Military Academy and at Francis Marion University where he was the chair of mathematics. He has written many publications, including over 20 books and over 150 journal articles. Currently, he is an adjunct professor in the Department of Mathematics at the College of William and Mary. He is the emeritus director of both the High School Mathematical Contest in Modeling and the Mathematical Contest in Modeling.

Advanced Problem Solving Using Maple™: Applied Mathematics, Operations Research, Business Analytics, and Decision Analysis applies the mathematical modeling process by formulating, building, solving, analyzing, and criticizing mathematical models. Scenarios are developed within the scope of the problem-solving process.The text focuses on discrete dynamical systems, optimization techniques, single-variable unconstrained optimization and applied problems, and numerical search methods. Additional coverage includes multivariable unconstrained and constrained techniques. Linear algebra techniques to model and solve problems such as the Leontief model, and advanced regression techniques including nonlinear, logistics, and Poisson are covered. Game theory, the Nash equilibrium, and Nash arbitration are also included.Features: The text’s case studies and student projects involve students with real-world problem solving Focuses on numerical solution techniques in dynamical systems, optimization, and numerical analysis The numerical procedures discussed in the text are algorithmic and iterative Maple is utilized throughout the text as a tool for computation and analysis All algorithms are provided with step-by-step formats About the Authors:William P. Fox is an emeritus professor in the Department of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School. Currently, he is an adjunct professor, Department of Mathematics, the College of William and Mary. He received his PhD at Clemson University and has many publications and scholarly activities including twenty books and over one hundred and fifty journal articles.William C. Bauldry, Prof. Emeritus and Adjunct Research Prof. of Mathematics at Appalachian State University, received his PhD in Approximation Theory from Ohio State. He has published many papers on pedagogy and technology, often using Maple, and has been the PI of several NSF-funded projects incorporating technology and modeling into math courses. He currently serves as Associate Director of COMAP’s Math Contest in Modeling (MCM).