Xiaodong Li

This book introduces readers to using the simple but effective Zhang-gradient (ZG) method to solve tracking-control problems concerning various nonlinear systems, while also highlighting the applications of the ZG method to tracking control for practical systems, e.g. an inverted-pendulum-on-a-cart (IPC) system and a two-wheeled mobile robot (showing its potential applications). In addition to detailed theoretical analyses of ZG controllers, the book presents a wealth of computer simulations to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the controllers discussed (as well as the method itself). More importantly, the superiority of ZG controllers in overcoming the division-by-zero (DBZ) problem is also illustrated. Given its scope and format, the book is well suited for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as academic and industrial researchers in the fields of neural dynamics/neural networks, nonlinear control, computer mathematics, time-varying problem solving, modeling and simulation, analog hardware, and robotics.

This book introduces readers to using the simple but effective Zhang-gradient (ZG) method to solve tracking-control problems concerning various nonlinear systems, while also highlighting the applications of the ZG method to tracking control for practical systems, e.g. an inverted-pendulum-on-a-cart (IPC) system and a two-wheeled mobile robot (showing its potential applications). In addition to detailed theoretical analyses of ZG controllers, the book presents a wealth of computer simulations to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the controllers discussed (as well as the method itself). More importantly, the superiority of ZG controllers in overcoming the division-by-zero (DBZ) problem is also illustrated. Given its scope and format, the book is well suited for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as academic and industrial researchers in the fields of neural dynamics/neural networks, nonlinear control, computer mathematics, time-varying problem solving, modeling and simulation, analog hardware, and robotics.

这是作者从2001年开始从事的评论、政论、文化、历史散文写作的精华，每一篇都拥有一万以上的阅读量。其中几篇知名的文章超过了几十万的读者。对于这些文章的主题和风格，有喜欢的，也有不喜欢的，但是作为一个国家主义和民族主义者，作者希望用这些观点来唤醒每一个中国人内心潜藏且沉睡着的对现代民族主义国家----中国，对她树立起的正确认知，了解她的来之不易，虽然我们的国家有着这样那样的问题，但是我们要团结一心，与国家复兴一起并肩前行。这个观点，不管你是喜欢还是不喜欢，是作者在反复诉求的。

This book introduces the current state of research on dark energy. It consists of three parts. The first part is for preliminary knowledge, including general relativity, modern cosmology, etc. The second part reviews major theoretical ideas and models of dark energy. The third part reviews some observational and numerical works. The aim of this book is to provide a sufficient level of understanding of dark energy problems, so that the reader can both get familiar with this area quickly and also be prepared to tackle the scientific literature on this subject. It will be useful for graduate students and researchers who are interested in dark energy.

This book discusses phase selective and morphology controllable processing of titania (TiO2) nanocrystals and their enhanced functionality via doping for photo-catalytic, luminescent, and magnetic applications. Materials synthesis has been achieved by two "extreme" techniques: low temperature soft-chemical processing (typically