Xiaojun Li

This book introduces an important and interesting aspect of space exploration technology: 3D printing in space. It explores the key techniques and application scenarios of this innovative technology. With several countries announcing moon missions, the dream of venturing into the vast universe is becoming a reality. 3D printing offers immense potential for space exploration efforts. Featuring over 100 color graphics, this book not only explains fundamental theories and research advances in an easily understandable way but also addresses practical questions like achieving "waste recycling" in spacecraft and printing "houses" on the moon's surface. Additionally, it provides insights on dealing with component failures during deep space missions. Drawing from the authors' extensive research and development work in satellite payload technology, this book combines solid theoretical knowledge with practical engineering experience. It is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and engineers interested in space exploration and astronautics. Let this book serve as a vessel for readers to embark on their journey through the sea of stars. The English translation of this book, originally in Chinese, was facilitated by artificial intelligence. The content was later revised by the author for accuracy.

Token forces – tiny national troop contributions in much larger coalitions – have become ubiquitous in UN peacekeeping. This Element examines how and why this contribution type has become the most common form of participation in UN peace operations despite its limited relevance for missions' operational success. It conceptualizes token forces as a path-dependent unintended consequence of the norm of multilateralism in international uses of military force. The norm extends states' participation options by giving coalition builders an incentive to accept token forces; UN-specific types of token forces emerged as states learned about this option and secretariat officials adapted to state demand for it. The Element documents the growing incidence of token forces in UN peacekeeping, identifies the factors disposing states to contribute token forces, and discusses how UN officials channel token participation. The Element contributes to the literatures on UN peacekeeping, military coalitions, and the impacts of norms in international organizations.

Global supply chain integration is not only a rapidly growing feature of international trade, it is responsible for fundamentally changing trade policy at international and domestic levels. Given that final goods are produced with both domestic and foreign suppliers, Ka Zeng and Xiaojun Li argue that global supply chain integration pits firms and industries that are more heavily dependent on foreign supply chains against those that are less dependent on intermediate goods for domestic production. Hence, businesses whose supply chain would be disrupted as a result of increased trade barriers should lobby for preferential trade liberalization to maintain access to those foreign markets. Moreover, businesses whose products are used in the production of goods in foreign countries should also support preferential trade liberalization to compete with suppliers from other parts of the world.Fragmenting Globalization uses multiple methods, including time series, cross-sectional analysis of the pattern of Preferential Trade Alliance formation by existing World Trade Organization members, a firm-level survey, and case studies of the pattern of corporate support for regional trade liberalization in both China and the United States. Zeng and Li show that the growing fragmentation of global production, trade, and investment is altering trade policy away from the traditional divide between export-oriented and import-competing industries.

Global supply chain integration is not only a rapidly growing feature of international trade, it is responsible for fundamentally changing trade policy at international and domestic levels. Given that final goods are produced with both domestic and foreign suppliers, Ka Zeng and Xiaojun Li argue that global supply chain integration pits firms and industries that are more heavily dependent on foreign supply chains against those that are less dependent on intermediate goods for domestic production. Hence, businesses whose supply chain would be disrupted as a result of increased trade barriers should lobby for preferential trade liberalization to maintain access to those foreign markets. Moreover, businesses whose products are used in the production of goods in foreign countries should also support preferential trade liberalization to compete with suppliers from other parts of the world.Fragmenting Globalization uses multiple methods, including time series, cross-sectional analysis of the pattern of Preferential Trade Alliance formation by existing World Trade Organization members, a firm-level survey, and case studies of the pattern of corporate support for regional trade liberalization in both China and the United States. Zeng and Li show that the growing fragmentation of global production, trade, and investment is altering trade policy away from the traditional divide between export-oriented and import-competing industries.

Sowohl in der Politik und als auch in der Bev lkerung besteht ein weitgehender Konsens dar ber, dass die auch k nftig noch anwachsenden Verkehre verst rkt auf die Eisenbahn verlagert werden sollen, um den negativen Wirkungen des Stra- enverkehrs und der berlastung des Stra ennetzes entgegenzuwirken. Allerdings stehen in den f r den Infrastrukturausbau des Eisenbahnnetzes verantwortlichen ffentlichen Bereichen nur u erst beschr nkte finanzielle Mittel zur Verf gung, und ein extensiver Infrastrukturausbau st t aufgrund der Siedlungsstruktur in Deutschland zunehmend an Grenzen. Dementsprechend kann die effiziente Nut-zung von Eisenbahninfrastrukturen einen wichtigen Beitrag zur zukunftsgerechten Verkehrssystemgestaltung leisten. Das Ziel des DFG-Projektes Anforderungsge-rechte Trassenstrukturen und deren Belegung im Netz von Schienenbahnen (AT-RANS) ist die Entwicklung allgemeing ltiger Algorithmen f r einen optimierten an-forderungsgerechten Fahrplan mit effizienter Infrastrukturnutzung. Dabei werden unter Ber cksichtigung einer definierten Betriebsqualit t flexible Reserven in der bestehenden Infra- bzw. Fahrplanstruktur ohne infrastrukturelle Ma nahmen er-schlossen. Das DFG-Verbundprojekt gliedert sich in 3 Teilprojekte, die von der Uni-versit t Stuttgart (ATRANS 1), der Technischen Universit t Dresden (ATRANS 2.1) und der Technischen Universit t Darmstadt (ATRANS 2.2) in enger kontinuierlicher Abstimmung bearbeitet wurden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden insbesondere die Forschungsergebnisse der Teilprojekte ATRANS 1 und ATRANS 2.1 im Kontext des gesamten Verbundprojektes detailliert vorgestellt. Wo es f r das Verst ndnis notwendig erscheint, wird auf das Teilprojekt ATRANS 2.2 verwiesen, zu dem eine gesonderte Ver ffentlichung von der Technischen Universit t Darmstadt geplant ist.

This book intends to make sense of how Chinese leaders perceive China’s rise in the world through the eyes of China’s international relations (IR) scholars. Drawing on a unique, four-year opinion survey of these scholars at the annual conference of the Chinese Community of Political Science and International Studies (CCPSIS) in Beijing from 2014–2017, the authors examine Chinese IR scholars’ perceptions of and views on key issues related to China’s power, its relationship with the United States and other major countries, and China’s position in the international system and track their changes over time. Furthermore, the authors complement the surveys with a textual analysis of the academic publications in China’s top five IR journals. By comparing and contrasting the opinion surveys and textual analyses, this book sheds new light on how Chinese IR scholars view the world as well as how they might influence China’s foreign policy.

Die Engpassanalyse ist eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben bei eisenbahnbetriebswissenschaftlichen Leistungsuntersuchungen in allen Planungsphasen, weil die Betriebsqualit t und Kapazit t der Infrastruktur durch Engp sse im Eisenbahnnetz stark beeinflusst werden k nnen. Da Engp sse h ufig in Infrastrukturbereichen mit komplexen Gleisstrukturen entstehen, beschr nkt die hiermit verbundene hohe Berechnungskomplexit t die Entwicklung in diesem Forschungsgebiet seit l ngerer Zeit. Mit Unterst tzung der modernen Rechentechnik heutzutage kann die Beschr nkung durch die Anwendung von passenden Werkzeugen und innovativen Bewertungsans tzen berwunden werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die simulative Methode zur mikroskopischen Engpassanalyse basierend auf einem neuen mikroskopischen Infrastrukturmodell entwickelt, die umfangreiche Aussagen ber Engp sse und deren Ursachen unabh ngig von der Komplexit t der Infrastruktur und des Betriebsprogramms liefert. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt auf der mikroskopischen Lokalisierung von Engp ssen und Bestimmung von deren Ursachen bei der Nutzung der simulativen Methode. Es wird der Zusammenhang von lokalen Engp ssen im Untersuchungsraum und dem globalen Leistungsverhalten diskutiert und dar ber hinaus die Korrelation der Wirkung von Engp ssen und den mutma lichen Ursachen untersucht. Um die tats chlichen Ursachen von Engp ssen festzustellen, wird die Wirkung der Behinderungsfortpflanzung infolge des Zusammenwirkens von Infrastrukturabschnitten und Zugfahrten in dieser Arbeit ber cksichtigt.

Im spurgef hrten Verkehrssystem werden die Betriebsqualit t und Kapazit t der Infrastruktur durch Engp sse im bestehenden Netz stark beeinflusst. Engp sse entstehen dabei h ufig in Infrastrukturbereichen mit komplexen Gleisstrukturen. Diese k nnen durch ungeeignete Nutzung der Infrastruktur oder mangelhafte Dimensionierung und Gestaltung der Infrastruktur verursacht werden. Mit den in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Bewertungsans tzen wird die bisherige Beschr nkung aufgrund der getrennten Bewertung von Strecken und Knoten berwunden, so dass Engp sse in einem beliebigen Untersuchungsraum unter der mikroskopischen Betrachtung hinreichend genau identifiziert werden. Der hierf r entwickelte Suchalgorithmus analysiert die auftretenden Behinderungen entlang des Fahrtverlaufs bis zu den Stellen, an denen die tats chlichen Ursachen des Engpasses zu finden sind. Mit der ursachenbezogenen Engpassanalyse k nnen sowohl das Ph nomen als auch die Ursachen der Engp sse identifiziert werden, wodurch die gezielte Ableitung von Ma nahmen zur Beseitigung von Engp ssen erm glicht wird.

Based on the field investigation and the summary of the published research results of the April 20, 2013, Lushan, Sichuan, China, MS7.0 earthquake, having occurred along the same fault zone which accommodated the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake, this Brief tries to describe and discuss the special earthquake phenomenology associated with both the local geology and the changing society. Since the occurrence of this earthquake, there have been the scientific debates on (1) the seismo-tectonics of this earthquake which has no primary seismic fault discovered on the surface of the ground; (2) the relation between this earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake (i.e., whether it can be considered as one of the aftershocks); and (3) how well have been accomplished in the reduction of earthquake disasters, 5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake. This Brief also tries to introduce the studies and practice of Chinese seismological agencies for the reduction of earthquake disasters. Due to language and cultural barriers, such an introduction makes sense not only for English readers but also for Chinese readers. For example, people (abroad) are always asking why there are so many Chinese seismologists working on earthquake prediction. In fact the Chinese wording 'earthquake prediction' has a much wider coverage than that in English. And actually the Chinese approach to (time-dependent) seismic hazard has no systematic difference from outside world in its methodology.